Sport and recreation facilities in the UK Essay

Game and entertainment offices in the UK - Essay Example The Council of Europe has characterized sport as ‘all types of physical movement, which through easygoing or sorted out investment target improving physical wellness and mental prosperity, framing connections, or getting brings about rivalries at all levels’.The state itself accumulates greater aggregates every year, focused on the advancement of such offices; be that as it may, these offices themselves are in more prominent interest at present, and among the explanations behind such developing their prominence might be close cooperation between the state and the general public †while the state advances the job of game in the life of individuals, individuals themselves, understanding the expanding levels of lethal instances of heart and different infections, join sports and attempt to lead dynamic lifestyle. One of the headings of the Labor party’s strategies was in advancing games not just as the methods for making the state regarded on the planet for its ga me accomplishments, yet primarily to make uncommon pressure that game has ‘significant effect to the life of people, networks and country as a whole’ some of the associations, which manage sports from the perspective of pulling in people, develops every year, except one of the most conspicuous ones is Sport England; this association has made a Strategic Alliance Team, which works in close participation with the legislature, advancing various activities, among which are ‘Physical action and health’, ‘Community union and sport’,  etc.... One of the headings of the Labor gathering's arrangements was in advancing games not just as the methods for making the state regarded on the planet for its game accomplishments, yet predominantly to make uncommon pressure that game has 'critical contrast to the life of people, networks and country all in all'. (Chandler, 2002) The measure of the associations, which manage sports from the perspective of pulling in people, develops every year, except one of the most conspicuous ones is Sport England; this association has made a Strategic Alliance Team, which works in close participation with the legislature, advancing various activities, among which are 'Physical movement and wellbeing', 'Network attachment and game', 'Neighborhood recharging unit', and so on. (Holt, 2002) For instance, the association effectively helps out the British Heart Foundation, and as it is known, sports and heart infections are firmly associated, particularly with such ailments currently turning into the chi ef reasons of casualty among over all age gatherings. The association effectively advances sport through general wellbeing messages, which additionally becomes one more purpose behind the more dynamic turn of events and higher ubiquity of the game and recreational offices in the UK. Bristol University is attempted a far reaching audit for the benefit of the Department of Health, which would support these messages The report willl center around the logical help for amassed physical action, ie 10 minutes pieces to develop to the administration's 30 minutes five-times-each week recommendation.This work will take care of into that of the Activity Coordination Team (ACT), a cross-legislative gathering that works with a wide scope of accomplices to build up a system to meet the Game Plan focus of 70% of the populace turning out to be

Human sexuality Essay

Forbidden inbreeding is the demonstration of mating or having any sexual relations between two creatures of close family relationship. In individuals, this is disallowed by law to wed and take part in any sexual action with any individual from a person’s own family and with his/her family members up to the second level of affiliation. Beside it being a legitimate restriction, it is additionally a thought about a social no-no in many societies. In any case, the contemplations for inbreeding are distinctive relying upon the convictions and customs of these social gatherings. Some have increasingly liberal capabilities for the circumstance to be called inbreeding, and others are progressively traditionalist as in individuals couldn't wed even the individuals who are received into the family. By and by, there are likewise a few spots wherein they grant this sort of familial arrangement to safeguard their illustrious ancestry. There are different sorts and types of interbreeding. The most widely recognized and considered a sort of misuse is the dad little girl inbreeding and different types of parental interbreeding. Nonetheless, there are likewise different structures, for example, kin inbreeding and different matches which normally come unreported. Albeit most instances of inbreeding are conceived out of intimidation, consensual interbreeding likewise exists in certain social orders. The method of reasoning behind the inbreeding no-no more likely than not originated from social gathering forms in antiquated edified and graceless social orders. As concentrated by anthropologists, more seasoned societies adhere to the standard of exogamy which empowers families and gatherings to converge with others to frame collusions. On the off chance that inbreeding was permitted, this standard would be disregarded. Strict gatherings and orders likewise have their different takes on this issue and the majority of them push that inbreeding must not go on without serious consequences and belittled. In present day social orders, this lawful preclusion currently has logical premise. It was discovered that since the two individuals associated with forbidden inbreeding have the equivalent hereditary cosmetics, their posterity would contract acquired inherent contortions. If this turns into the outcome, people in the future would be in danger of getting the equivalent hereditary deformities. As a result of perverted inbreeding, a posterity tends to create passive issue, for example, mental impediment, hard of hearing mutism, innate ichthyosis, retinitis pigmentosa, adiposogenital disorder, and homocystinuria. Past examinations show that the greater part of the kids conceived out of inbreeding obtain some variation from the norm. The explanation for this is there in an expansion in homozygosity in the offspring’s qualities, which implies that there would be â€Å"the same allele at a similar locus on the two individuals from a chromosome pair† (â€Å"Incest,† n. d. ). At the end of the day, if the guardians of the kid have a place with a similar family, there is a more prominent inclination for the youngster to get a blemished quality from the two guardians. Along these lines, it is expected that there is a particular organic instrument which keeps species from participating in perverted inbreeding. In detail, this instrument could be all the more handily depicted in a correlation between depraved inbreeding and mating between creatures of various blood. Each individual conveys some deficient qualities which are covered in a latent articulation. At the point when two individuals have a place in a similar family, for instance, as on account of kin, half of their qualities are indistinguishable as they are from similar guardians. This implies when they mate, there is a more noteworthy probability that the faulty quality would be communicated in their posterity. Be that as it may, for two individuals of no blood connection to one another, there isn’t any indistinguishable quality which implies that it would be more uncertain for a hereditary deformity to be created in their posterity. This natural limitation and clinical hazard is an outcome that depraved inbreeding would bring. It would not exclusively be unsafe for the posterity in light of the deformities that would be procured or a more serious hazard for mortality, in any case, it would likewise add to the crumbling of people in the future. At last, beside these previously mentioned clinical contemplations, it would likewise be proper to view the mental symptoms as significant in these circumstances. There are loads of cases which show that interbreeding, particularly those circumstances which could be considered as types of misuse, bring about mental, mental, and enthusiastic injury. This likely may be a direct result of the way that it is set up as a no-no and the conduct is a logical inconsistency to that conviction or demeanor. Whatever the case might be, there would consistently be a pessimistic result when two individuals take part in perverted relations and inbreeding. References Children conceived because of interbreeding. (1981). English Medical Journal Vol. 282. p. 250. Inbreeding. (n. d. ) In Cambridge reference book. Recovered April 14, 2008, from http://reference book. stateuniversity. com/pages/10516/inbreeding. html The Columbia reference book (tenth ed. ). (2007). New York: Columbia University Press.

7 Rings

7 Rings You guessed it, Im finally: And because there are literally so many, so so so many blog posts that talk about the tradition of the MIT brass rat, the ring design and what happens at ring delivery, Im going to skip past that. As surreal as it feels, Ive finished half of my adventure here at MIT.  Looking back at it all now, a lot has happened in the past two years. Ive been through a lot. Let go of a lot. Grown a lot. I like to think that Ive collected some diamonds through my time here. So heres to spoiling you with my riches: The Ultrium Its 100% ok to not be 100% prepared. Wave goodbye to the days of spelling lists and map quizzes. Sometimes, the information is too much, the pset is too long, the textbook is too complicated. You really cant know it all. And sometimes, knowing at least something is an accomplishment. The Extreme Silver Nothing beats a 11 pm food order. Seriously. Get that medium-sized banana pepper and pineapple pizza from Dominos. Or a small mango slush from Kung Fu Tea. Or a pineapple frozen yogurt with white chocolate chips on the top from Cafe 472. The Brass Its ok to take breaks. No, I dont mean put your work aside and stress about the things you have to do. I dont mean watch an episode of Gilmore Girls  either. Dont try to turn your mind off, but have it do something productive, but equally refreshing instead. Call up a family member or a friend. Go on a walk. Make yourself a smoothie. The Prism Explore the world around you often. Travel when you can. Take walks without your headphones on. Wake up to watch sunrises. Take naps in the grass. Go on spontaneous road trips. Stroll through city streets. Because nothing ever looks the same and every moment is its own. The Stealth Learn to spend time with yourself. Being alone and being lonely are two different things. Its ok to spend all Saturday in your room away from other people. Its ok to have a jam session all by yourself. Its ok to get a table for one.  Make time for self-care. It goes a long way. The 14K Rose Gold Dress up for exams. It does wonders to your self confidence. The 18K White Gold Take all the photos. Who cares if your dropbox is getting full? Itll make you smile years from now. Post Tagged #Brass Rat

The Problem Of Human Trafficking - 2132 Words

Human Trafficking is defined in Article 3 of the United Nations (UN)’s Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control o5ver another person, for the purpose of exploitation.† The offence of human trafficking often encompasses multiple nations and by extension, multiple jurisdictions. This has created a complex issue that can’t be solved by the actions of one jurisdiction or†¦show more content†¦Australia in comparison to the rest of the world has strong laws against slavery. Anti-slavery laws were first introduced in 1824 and is currently outlawed federally by the Criminal Code Act (1995). Section 270.1 of the Criminal Code defines slavery as â€Å"the condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised, including where such a condition results from a debt or contract made by the person† The act was later amended in 2013 to include â€Å"Slavery-like offences†. Slavery like offences are described as in the act as â€Å"servitude offences†, â€Å"forced labour offences†, â€Å"deceptive recruiting for labour or services† and â€Å"forced marriage offe nces† (sections 270.5, 270.6A, 270.7 and 270.7B respectively). The act also differentiates the crime of trafficking a child from an adult, with the maximum sentence for child trafficking 25 years imprisonment, as opposed to 12 years for an adult. Section 234 of the Migration Act (1958) outlines penalties of up to ten years and/or 1000 penalty units given to individuals who flout immigration law by presenting forged documents to officers or persons exercising powers when applying for immigration documents such as visas. Section 234a outlines â€Å"Aggravated offence of false documents and false or misleading information† for individuals who commit these crimes

Essay Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern...

Where does Malinowski’s conceptualization of participant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radical departure from the typical approach to fieldwork used in Malinowski’s time which involved techniques that kept the ethnographer distanced and distinct from those they studied (McGee†¦show more content†¦It was only through a ‘process of reengagement’ that she was able to again locate herself within the group and successfully analyze her data, a process at odds with Malinowski’s second imperative (Krieger, 1996, p 183). Thus, Malinowski’s ‘ethnographer as tool’ is still a guiding principle of anthropol ogical fieldwork. However, the location and position of this tool with relation to the community under study has evolved from Malinowski’s limited perception of its scope. To simply be positioned ‘right among the natives’ (Malinowski, 1922, p. 6) does not automatically provide the ethnographer with an insider’s view. It is this realization that has shaped and is still shaping the way fieldwork in modern anthropology is approached. The focus of anthropology can also been seen to have evolved in terms of the premises upon which Malinowski based his anticipated outcomes of research when compared to those of modern ethnographers. The primary purpose of anthropological research identified by Malinowski was that of understanding tribal life objectively and scientifically, in terms of systems of ‘social machinery’ and presenting this for consumption to a Western audience (Malinowski, 1922, p. 109; McGee amp; Warms, 2008). This raises two issues apparent in modern anthropology. First, the relevance, usefulness and problematic nature of a purely objective paradigm within anthropology; and second, the motivations underlying anthropological research andShow MoreRelatedSocial Anthropology : Bronislaw Malinowski1554 Words   |  7 PagesBronislaw Malinowski is arguably the most influential anthropologist of the 20th century, certainly for British social anthropology. Malinowski saw himself as effecting a re volution in anthropology by rejecting the evolutionary paradigm of his predecessors and introducing functionalism, whereby institutions satisfied human biological need, as the way to understand other cultures. I argue that his lasting legacy, however, is methodological rather than theoretical. Although not the first to conductRead MoreFunctionalism And Radcliffe Brown s Functionalism1275 Words   |  6 PagesPart A. In its infancy, the field of anthropology was dominated by only a few schools of thought. In its very earliest years, evolutionism and diffusionism were the foremost theories in anthropology. However, two other theories promptly took the place of evolutionism and diffusionism and ruled the landscape of anthropology for a large swath of the twentieth century. These two theories are known as functionalism, which was developed by Bronislaw Malinowski, and structural functionalism -- developedRead MoreFieldwork in Various Anthropological Schools of Thought Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesCultural anthropology is a social science that studies the origins and development of human societies (History World International, 2001). Many theories to explain cultural variations among humans have emerged. As a result, numerous anthropological schools of thought have been established based on these theories since the nineteenth century. These schools of thought encompass the dominant beliefs about c ulture during a time period and are constantly changing as new knowledge is acquired. As schoolsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Before They Pass Away 1783 Words   |  8 PagesAlexis Giovinazzo Cultural Anthropology March 9th, 2014 Midterm Essay 1: The â€Å"Before They Pass Away† project is led by photographer Jimmy Nelson who travelled the world and documented various indigenous cultures between 2010 and 2013. His project is relatively controversial and is intended to spark conversation about these cultures, as well as remain as a resource over time. Photography can be written off as lacking intimacy and understanding of a society, yet Nelson attempts to go furtherRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 Pageslower category of peasants who had small pieces of land and who worked for other cultivators. agragrian class structure thus now can be classified into 4-5 levels :- 1. big landlords, who owned large holdings of land who made the farm worked like a modern industry. 2. Big farmers have land holding from 15-50 acres they either work for their own farms or hier wage labor. 3. middle farmer comparitively have smaller holdings and they do self cultivation may be on a commercial scale with the help of their

Tyco International Limited Free Essays

I would like to start by saying that Tyco International Ltd. is a diversified manufacturing and service company that organizes its businesses into five segments such as (1) Fire and security segment, (2) Electronics, (3) Healthcare, (4) Engineering products, and (5) Plastics and Adhesives. The company is much diversified and thus does not depend on only one industry trends and fluctuations. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyco International Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now The segments provide the revenue for the company is similar proportions. Prior to present all the pertinent information in the table please take a look at the following definitions: a) Price earnings ratio The ratio of a stock price to its company’s annual earnings per share. b) Earnings per share is the total earnings divided by total common shares outstanding. The annual reports of Tyco already have EPS. c) Dividend yield is the dividends paid per share divided by the stock’s price of Tyco International. d) Common stock share price is the market price of stock determined by the supply and demand of that stock’s interactions. As one can see the Tyco international financial did change over a period of 5 years. Still, from the table above, one is able to see that the dividend yield had grown for years 1999 to 2003, while the price and EPS had been rather volatile. I recommend a buy strategy of Tyco international for the following reasons: 1. Financials. The financials of Tyco international over the period of 5 years had shown gradual increase in terms of total assets. The company showed an increase in P/E ratio which means that investors are willing to pay more for a dollar of earnings than before. The company despite some financial challenges of 2002 and 2003, paid out the same fixed dividend which means that the company was certain about its future growth and had enough resources to pay the dividend despite short term difficulties. 2. Stock price increases. One could see stock price of Tyco increase over the past 4 years with year 5 (2003) being the only exception. Prior to 1999, Tyco experienced several stock splits that marked corporate unprecedented growth. 3. Analysts’ opinion. Regardless of what one might think about analysts’ opinion , it is vital too remember that they quite often move the market. If enough people believe that the company should be bought the stock price will increase. Currently the major analysts, seen at www.finance.yahoo.com or multexinvestor.com recommend â€Å"strong buy† of Tyco. One has to understand that the analysts are paid for making educated guesses and giving advises to the general populace. These analysts spend days on analyzing companies, so there is some credibility in their words. By the way, considering the opinion of other, more competent individuals and using it for one’s own decisions, is about â€Å"follow the leader† strategy used by many mutual funds, investors or just companies. There are people in the market who could move stock prices with their words and own actions. In our case the analysts’ opinion was only used for the information purposes to see whether or not it differs much from what other pieces of information tell us about Tyco International. 4. Industry data. Tyco International is seen as over performing the industry in many respects.   Being an industry leader, together with other reasons, Tyco International is a ‘buy’ target. Being a part of the conglomerates industry, Tyco engages in 5 different segments that do not correlate with each other. Therefore, Tyco appears to be a hedged company that cannot be easily hit by a decline in one industry that Tyco covers. Such industry specifics of Tyco International contribute to Tyco’s beta below the market (1.0) and reduce potential risks that a company working in only one industry would incur. 5. Environmental specifics. I personally consider only â€Å"buy or sell† strategies that can exist for any stock, simply because ‘hold’ makes no sense rather than reflects the uncertainty of analysts. If a stock is considered a â€Å"hold† and the price increases, the investor loses the opportunity to buy more stock to benefit from the price increase. If the stock price plummets, the investor loses money because the ‘hold’ position loses value. Currently, Tyco International does not look like a very risky company that faces challenges that might jeopardize the corporate revenues and existence. The company seems attractive compared to other companies in the same industry (conglomerates). Tyco, thus, is a ‘buy’ company. Conclusion: Bibliography: www.tyco.com (investor relations section). www.finance.yahoo.com (information on Tyco) www.multexinvestor.com (information on Tyco) How to cite Tyco International Limited, Essay examples

Leadership in Business for Business Process -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership in Business for Business ProcessManagement. Answer: For making the purchases easier, Telstra has adopted social media marketing. This has been advantageous for the company in terms of increasing the trafficking of the audience towards the brand image. This means is innovative, which has ceased the practice of standing in long queues for recharging their mobiles or getting prepaid and postpaid connections. With the advent of social media, the customers can get these services at their home with just a click (Nahavandi 2016). Increase in the sales revenue and addition in profit margin is one of the other grounds, which has enhanced the reputation of Telstra. Amidst all these positivity, the aspect of cyber crimes has adversely affected the productivity of Telstra. These examples project both the advantages and disadvantages of the adoption of social media for Telstra personnel. Providing training to the employees about effective and judicious utilization of the machines would help the personnel to overcome the challenges. Social media is one of the best means for the Telstra personnel to establish contact with the stakeholders. Uploading the newly launched products and services on the social networking sites and the official websites helps the stakeholders to select the required product. Along with this, conducting sales exhibition for the newly launched products and services would attract large number of stakeholders and investors (Goetsch and Davis 2014). From this, Telstra can choose their target market, which would improve their focus. Organizing meetings and conferences would help the personnel to maintain the stability in the relationship with the stakeholders. However, rationality needs to be applied in contacting the stakeholders, as one wrong step would lead to conflicts, discriminations and harassments, destroying the order and harmony of the company as a whole. Identifying the objectives and goals helps the employees of companies like Telstra to envision short term goals. This prepares them to undertake challenging tasks for the enhancement of personality. Setting of objectives is equally important prior to the initiation of the business projects. Within this, speculation of the stock of resources is a crucial factor, which helps the personnel to make calculations and estimations about the status of the activities with the current possession of resources (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Herein lay the importance of making plans, which involves the nature and levels of resources needed. This enhances the understanding of the personnel in terms of the amount and quantity of resources needed for achieving the successful completion of the allocated tasks. If objectives are set well in advance, the personnel can purchase additional resources if necessary. After the completion of the tasks, analyzing the exposed performance is important in terms of asses sing the ways and mean adopted for doing the tasks. This assessment is done in order to see if the identified objectives have been fulfilled through the adopted methods. Plans help the personnel of companies like Telstra to systematize the activities according to their priority. Using templates for constructing the plans enhances the clarity of the personnel in terms of the needed resources, their allocation, strategies needed for allocation, the risks involved in implementing the strategies and resource allocations and the steps taken to minimize the identified risks (Peteraf, Gamble and Thompson 2014). The following is the proposed action plan, which Telstra might use for achieving efficiency in the business activities: Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Identifying and specifying the objectives Planning the resources needed Allocation of the resources equally among the employees First round evaluation Identifying the risks involved in the proposed plans Proposing strategies for mitigating the intensity of the risks Final evaluation Table: Action plans for Telstra In view of the proposed objectives, high level of performance is needed from the employees. Exposure of collaborative performance possesses flexibility for achieving completion of the allocated tasks within the stipulated deadlines. Evaluation and analysis of the exposed performance would bring to the forefront the major drawbacks or the things, which needs adjustments. For this, the tasks need to be done well in advance, so that there is enough time for these evaluations. Stable contacts needs to be established with the suppliers, well in advance, for getting the additional resources for making up the encountered emergencies (Peteraf, Gamble and Thompson 2014). Late contacts would compel Telstra personnel to get inferior quality supplies, which is bound to result in customer and employee turnover. Consciousness towards these aspects would upgrade the standard and quality of the products and services. References Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. and Thompson Jr, A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education.

5 Tips for Strong Introduction for Essay

5 Tips for Strong Introduction for Essay You could say that writing an essay is like writing a book and therefore, the opening is of utmost importance. The opening of a good book grabs the readers attention, hooks them and makes them want to continue reading the story. The introduction to an essay should have the same effect! The introduction should be a high quality and outline to the reader what the essay is about in a succinct and concise manner. 5 tips for strong introduction of an essay: TIP 1 Begin the first paragraph by allotting around 3-5 general statements related to the topic without giving away specific details regarding the focus of the essay nor the specific topic itself; end the first paragraph by allotting around 2-4 concluding statements for that particular paragraph and some general questions that aim to transition into the second paragraph, which is characterized by a more focused introduction of the specific topic of the research essay. TIP 2 Define Your Paper With A Clear Question When writing a paper, one of the best things you can do is to spend time clearly defining what question you wish to answer. As much as possible, you need to find a narrowly defined question to which you can find and present clear answers. If you do not have any clear questions to choose from, I strongly recommend trying to create one out of the choices you have. Make sure to discuss it with an instructor before you get too far. TIP 3 Write a Clear, Strong Thesis Statement A good academic essay will be defined by its  thesis statement, which should be in the first two or three sentences of the introduction. The simpler and more direct you can make it the better. TIP 4 Summarize What Your Paper Will Say The next key aspect of a good introduction is to outline how you intend to prove your thesis statement briefly. If you have a good outline for your paper, this should be easy enough. Again, keep your sentences clear and straightforward. Leave the seven syllable words and complex sentences to the graduate students, keep your paper as accessible and understandable as possible and you will get solid grades. TIP 5 Once you have completed your research into the topic you are writing about, you could include an observation you have made about the research. This could be something like stating that although all research about the use of wind turbines for generating energy state that this is a cost-effective method, interestingly one study held the opposite view and this study was the largest and most recent, therefore, potentially the most reliable. This may entice the reader to continue so they can understand this statement better and gain more information. A strong introduction will summarize the paper and show a reader where they might find more details on each point. A reader will be able to easily understand exactly what the paper is going to tell her, and what the evidence will be. Of course, you will need to provide details and evidence through the paper, but having a strong and clear introduction will help you to ensure that your paper is easily understood and will get a good grade. If you clearly understand the principles of good essay introduction but still are not sure about quality of a whole essay you can ask for writing help online and professional writers from will answer all your questions.

Dance Flexibility and Strength Essay Essay Example

Dance Flexibility and Strength Essay Essay Example Dance Flexibility and Strength Essay Paper Dance Flexibility and Strength Essay Paper Rachel Standstill Q Flexibility and strength are two key components of a dance performance. Explain how you have developed your own flexibility and strength to enhance your dance performance. In this essay I am going to discuss the Importance of strength and flexibility to a dance performance. I am going to make reference to my personal experience, and explain techniques used by dancers to Improve strength and flexibility. To briefly conclude, I will state how these methods have enhanced my overall performance. Flexibility Is the maximum range of movement available around a Joint. For example, In the spine, It refers to the amount a person can curve their spine In each direction. Strength Is the maximum force that can be exerted In a single movement. In a solo I was choreographing, I decided to Pl © In second as I did a motif. At first I struggled to hold this for the required length of time, and was not happy with how deep my Pl © was. To deepen my Pl ©, I used the frog exercise. Here you sit with the soles of your feet touching, grabbing your ankles and leaning forward over your legs, pushing your knees towards the floor with your elbows. This improves rotation in the hips and extends the gracious. Now my Pl © looks more impressive as it it deeper. To improve the length of time I could hold the Pl ©, I decided to improve my core strength. Used the plank; here you get into a press up position and hold yourself there, or can do a half plank, which is on your elbows. I used progressive overload, where you gradually increase the amount of time you hold the exercise for. This improved the amount of time I could spend in Pl ©, but also improves how I hold myself in turns, and means I an be lifted without putting too much weight on my partner. The fact I can hold myself better means my performance looks more continuous and I look surer of my movement. In a duet I was choreographing, we decided to do a synchronized backbend. As I could not go as far as my partner, so I started doing exercises to increase flexibility in my back. Mainly, I would lie on my stomach, put hands on either side of my head, and extend my arms, pushing upwards and arching my back. This Increased how far backwards I could curve my spine. This means the movement Is more appealing to the audience as we are more evenly matched, so It looks more In unison. Also in the duet, we decided to put In a lift. At first, I struggled to lift my partners weight. Again I used progressive overload, as I gradually held her weight for longer each time. I also did arm exercises such as push-ups, so that I was building up muscles In my arms. After all this development, I could lift my partner around her waist, which allowed us to do more complex lifts. This makes the performance more effective for the audience, and meant we could be more confident, which put my partners mind at rest that nothing would go wrong. In this essay I have discussed flexibility and strength, and described exercises which can improve these. I have also discussed how these have improved my overall dance performance. Dance Flexibility and Strength Essay By researchable In this essay I am going to discuss the importance of strength and flexibility to a explain techniques used by dancers to improve strength and flexibility. To briefly Flexibility is the maximum range of movement available around a Joint. For example, in the spine, it refers to the amount a person can curve their spine in each direction. Strength is the maximum force that can be exerted in a single movement. In a solo I was choreographing, I decided to Pl © in second as I did a motif. At first I struggled to was. To deepen my Pl ©, I used the frog exercise. Here you sit with the soles of your the length of time I could hold the Pl ©, I decided to improve my core strength. I used the plank; here you get into a press up position and hold yourself there, or can do a increased how far backwards I could curve my spine. This means the movement is more appealing to the audience as we are more evenly matched, so it looks more in unison. Also in the duet, we decided to put in a lift. At first, I struggled to lift my longer each time. I also did arm exercises such as push-ups, so that I was building up muscles in my arms. After all this development, I could lift my partner around her

MKTG CLASS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MKTG CLASS - Essay Example Although it is a very old brand (154 years), it needed a lot of restoration work in the present economic climate. She says that in the planning stage many basic questions were asked. New plans were devised to come up with better products. The customers were segmented on the basis of their geographical locations. After the planning, she removed much inefficiency within the company. Millions of pounds were saved but not at the cost of staff. Instead the company spent more money on renovating the stores and making them look more attractive. The presentation then focuses on the ‘soft strategies’. New methods were devised on the backbone of digital technology in order to lure the customers. Burberry now frequently organizes fully choreographed live webcast. The video shows people all around the world watching runway shows live in the Burberry showrooms. All the crucial information about new products, stores, shows etc is provided on the internal website. Travelling road shows are also organized as a part of CRM. The focus of the presentation then shifts towards the human element of the company. Angela says that they hire smart and like-minded people for their brand and organize awards in order to appreciate and motivate them. The company wants to project its modernity through every aspect of its business. For this reason, the Burberry headquarter has a futuristic look with energy saving features to it. But the innovation doesn’t stop with the building. The company has created its own social media website. Customers throughout the world are kept informed through Facebook and live stream shows. The presentation then ends with Angela assuring the audience of her team’s sincerity towards making Burberry a hugely successful

English Exit Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Exit Letter - Essay Example My interest in writing suddenly came back and I realized it isn’t such a laborious task at all. One only has to put his thoughts into words until these words produce sentences and sentences form paragraphs. This I can accomplish quite easily when I’m in the mood. But when I’m not, I could just stare at the emptiness of my computer screen, wishing the hyperactive cursor to do the job for me. Writer’s block, they called it. Every writer, I believe, will have to deal with it time and time again. Putting thoughts into words is a piece of cake. To keep it structured though is another story – a skill a have yet to master. Happily, this problem seems to persist only in my informal essays. Formal is much more precise, topic clearly defined, making it easier for me to discern which information needs to be included and which one should be eliminated. With informal essays, it’s as if I’m just talking to someone about something so passionately that I tend to ignore unity and coherence within my paragraphs. I was told that, when used properly, this free flowing method in writing could actually become an asset, so it isn’t such a bad thing after all. I could hardly tell if my old writing process was in fact a process. For all I know, I simply wrote. I was adamant to follow my own style, which I liked to call a process, despite being aware that it’s not always recommended. Though this may not be such a dramatic change, this course taught me the formal discipline in writing which I consider to be a significant improvement. Planning, I learned, is indeed a very crucial stage in writing in order to come up with an effective output. This enabled me to explore other genres such as informative and compare and contrast

Causes and Solutions to Prison Overcrowding

Causes and Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Introduction The purpose of this paper is to look at the overcrowded prisons that are plaguing the U.S. The prison system that we have is constantly evolving, but seems to circulate through the same prison philosophies. An overcrowded prison does not lend itself to a productive environment for inmates. Many would not care about the environment that the inmates encounter as they feel the inmate has brought this upon himself through his deviant behavior, however not all inmates will stay in prison forever. We will examine some possible solution to curb the overcrowding that is prevalent in prisons today. Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Prison overcrowding has been a problem that has plagued the U.S. prison system since its inception. The solution to this problem for many has been to build more prisons to house the additional prisoners that have been sentenced there. Those who advocate building additional prisons fail to look at what is behind the overcrowding in the first place. Research has found that crime rates are decreasing. It has also shown that prison populations are increasing. Much like the Kevin Costner movie Field of Dreams with the infamous quote, If you build it, they will come that by building more prisons, we will only seek to put more prisoners into them. To fully understand our current overcrowding issue, we must look at the history of the U.S. prison systems and the philosophies that drove them. Then we must look at the sentencing practices that have increased the number of inmates that are incarcerated. This will include the truth-in sentencing laws, the impact of the war on drugs and the enforcement and the increasing of the length of prison terms for certain offenses. We will also take a look at the cost of building a prison and the daily costs of housing an inmate. Then we will look at solutions for reducing prison populations which include rehabilitation and the release of aged offenders and inmates with minor offenses. The U.S. derived many of its ideas about the prison system from England. In the Middle Ages, prisons were used for housing criminals as well as debtors. Juvenile delinquents also began to be housed in prisons. As prisons developed and emerged, the purpose of them changed as well. Drawing from the ideas presented in Essays on Crimes and Punishment by Cesare Beccaria in 1764 a move towards less physical punishment for crimes was made. Beccaria was also responsible for the idea that a punishment should be severe enough to deter crime, but not too extreme. In 1557, England began the use of workhouses. Initially, they were to remove the homeless and vagrants from the streets during the day. During this time, many believed that most criminals were lazy and committed crimes as a result of that. This allowed inmates to work, however they did not learn any useful skills and were not kept in the workhouses overnight. In 1790, the Quakers from Pennsylvania reformed the Walnut Street jail into a prison. The Quakers drew from their religious background and sought to use the prison as a place for an inmate to perform a penance and to make amends for their actions against society. Also, known as the Pennsylvania System, the prison layout allowed for solitary cells. The inmate was placed in the cell, so that they could think about their actions and gain remorse. Work was completed in the cells as well, so the interaction with others was limited to an hour of exercise a day. Although the prison sought to reform the inmates through solitary work, some prisoners could not handle the solitary times and reform did not occur. There was also a high cost involved in maintaining this type of prison. In an effort to improve the prisons, the Mass Prison Era was implemented in 1825. Also known as the Auburn system after the first facility in Auburn, NY, this prison featured areas where inmates worked in groups. However, prisoners still maintained solitary cells when they were not working. When in work groups, silence was enforced. This was done through corporal punishment to maintain order and obedience as well as a strong code of silence at all times. The Auburn prison was also the first to experiment with solitary confinement as a punishment for not following the rules of the prison. One huge difference which produced negative results when compared with the Pennsylvania system is that inmates were not allowed any exercise and they were not given any work to complete. In this system, many inmates went insane, were suicidal and classified as unfit for re-entry into society. Unhappy with their current prison system, The Reformatory Era was developed next. This was the first to introduce the concept of indeterminate prison sentences in the U.S.. This concept came from two European counterparts. The first leader who emerged during this time was Captain Alexander Maconochie who was a warden at Norfolk Island, a prison off the coast of Australia. Maconochie was alarmed at the condition of the prison and sought to reform it. He developed a system where prisoners could earn an earlier freedom with good behavior. Ultimately, it placed the inmates freedom in the hands of that inmate. This was the introduction of the concept of indeterminate sentencing. Another leader during the Reform Era was Sir Walter Crofton who was aware of Maconochies progress and adapted it to the Irish Prison system. Crofton was able to set up a four stage system. In the first stage, prisoners stayed at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin. They were restricted in their activities and movement. In the second stage, they were in Spike Island where they were to begin work. In the third stage, the prisoners were placed in the community on public-service projects. The fourth stage was called the ticket of leave where inmates were allowed to live and work in the community under mild supervision. The response to this was positive until there was an increase in crime which resulted in longer sentences. Crofton did not have the citizens support and could not keep it up. Back in the United States, the indeterminate sentence was introduced by Gaylord Hubbell who was impressed by the Irish Prison system. The indeterminate sentencing was started with approval from The New York Prison Association. Hubbell worked to implement the reformatory practice where prisoners who showed themselves as reformed could earn an earlier release. There were criteria that needed to be met in order to qualify for the indeterminate sentencing: the offender had to be between 16 and 30 years old and it had to be his first offense. Unfortunately, the reform prison era did not last too long as offenders would reoffend. Similar to Ireland, society was not willing to risk the higher crime rates and did not lend its support. It still was the basis for many of the ideas that we hold regarding parole, training and education today. As well as emphasizing the reform of a prisoner over the punishment of a prisoner. In 1890, the Industrial Prison era was sparked. This era brought to light an option to profit from the increasing prison population. There were several systems that utilized inmate work to bring an income into the prison system. The inmate labor systems were: contract system, lease system, piece-price system, state- use system, public-account system and public works system. In contract system, labor was contracted out to private businesses through the prison. Work took place in the prisons, but supplies were provided by the private businesses. In lease system, inmates were taken out of the prison facility and leased out to a private contractor for the day. Piece-price system was similar to the contract system, but inmates produced products that were sold to private businesses. The state-use system had inmates producing products for state offices. The public-account system was a combination of contract, piece-price and state-use systems where inmates produced, managed and sold product s in the free market that was fully run by the prison. Finally, the public-works system had inmates working on roads, highways, cleaning public areas like parks, and restoring other building in the community under the supervision of prison officials. During this time, inmates produced furniture, clothing, cleaning products and other items. The Prison Industry Era was running quite smoothly and making a substantial profit until workers from society like mechanics complained that inmates were taking over their jobs and with cheaper labor. Workers could not compete with them and felt it was unfair. These protests lead to the Ashurst-Summers Act of 1935 where Federal legislation which specifically prohibited the interstate transportation and sale of prison goods where state laws forbade them. (Schmalleger, 2007). This limited the sale of inmate produced products. In conjunction with the Depression, the once profitable Prison Industry ended. The Prison Industries Era lasted for over 40 years and was followed by the Punitive Era. The focus moved back to an age of confinement where the prisoner was to be locked away for their crimes. During this time, larger maximum security facilities were built like Alcatraz. Prisoners who were released from these types of facilities did not receive any education, valuable skills or treatment. The rate of recidivism was high. Luckily, this type of prison systems only lasted about 10 years. The Treatment Era began in 1945. This era relied on treating the inmates like patients versus inmates. Based on a medical model where a therapeutic perspective on correctional treatment that applies the diagnostic perspective of medical science to the handling of criminal offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007) One-on-one therapy was introduced as well as group therapy helped to get an understanding of the emotional and psychological reasoning for crime. There were drawbacks of this era, too. Some inmates fought against being forced to participate in these programs. Prison guards were not properly trained in how the medical model functioned and were also not trained in how to handle the inmates. In 1967, the Community-based Era arrived. In this era, prisons were again faced with overcrowding and coming off of the medical model with the optimistic view that inmates could be rehabilitated. This time they would move them back into the communities where they had committed their crimes to serve their time. The belief was that inmates would not be able to fully rehabilitate in a prison setting. The halfway house was reintroduced and gave the inmates the opportunity to work and reside in the community while being watched at the same time. However, lack of programs caused the inmates to be returned to society the same as they were before committing their crimes. The U.S. watched as recidivism rates and prison populations soared as they entered into the Warehousing Era. Deterred by the crimes that were committed by those inmates who were on work-release or residing in a halfway house, the U.S. decided to limit the liberties that the inmates had once enjoyed. The Warehousing focused on imprisonment for inmates to remove them from society to avoid the possibility of further crimes being committed. In 1970, a new treatment model emerged call the nothing works doctrine which was popularized by Robert Martinson that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007). This doctrine helped to implement the mandatory minimum sentencing provision and truth-in sentencing requirements. Calls for truth-in sentencing occurred when the average inmate was serving one third of their time that was handed out by the judge at sentencing. Victims and other citizens were dismayed to learn that the full sentence was not being fulfilled. In the 1990s another popular law was developed called the three strikes and youre out in California and was soon adopted by many other states. The premise for the three strikes law is that if someone was to commit a felony three different times, then the only option was to sentence them to life in prison without the possibility of parole. This has also contributed to a dramatic increase in prison populations. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 1985 there were approximately 550,000 inmates in the U.S. prison and this figure jumped to 1,400,000 by 1995 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) Opponents of this law argue that this law costs too much with the increased number of inmates, that it unfairly targets minority offenders, does not help to decrease crime and that not all who were convicted under the three strikes law were convicted of serious, violent crimes. Besides the sentencing guidelines, there was also a war on drugs that was taking place. Sentences for drug-related offenses became more severe and more of the sentence that was handed out by a judge was actually being served. The current era that we are in is the Just Desserts Era which started in 1995. Prisons had now become essentially warehouses for inmates who were receiving longer sentences for the same crime. Rehabilitation was not working, so the inmates are essentially being held. When we look at the past prison systems of the U.S., it is important to look at the goals that each of the systems advocated. Starting with the Penitentiary Era the focus was on rehabilitation and deterrence. The Quakers utilized their religious belief that time alone would lead a person to become remorseful for their actions. The Mass Prison system focused on deterrence as well as incapacitation. The Reformatory Era was focused on rehabilitation. The Industrial Era reverted back to incapacitation and restoration. The philosophy of retribution was strong in the Punitive Era. Not surprisingly, the Treatment Eras philosophy was on rehabilitation. In addition to rehabilitation, the Community-based Era also looked at restoration. The Warehousing Era looked at incapacitation. Finally, the Just Desserts Era looks at retribution, incapacitation and deterrence. The task before us is to find the right balance for todays society of rehabilitation, retribution and deterrence to decrease our pri son populations. One strategy to reduce or stop the increase in our prison populations comes from the sentencing phase. It is important to know the different goals of sentencing. They are: incapacitation, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, vindication, and punishment. In incapacitation, the offender is sentenced to a prison with the goal of not allowing them to commit further crimes. In retribution, which was popular in the early ages of history, the goal is to seek revenge against the offender. An example of this is the eye for an eye mentality. Deterrence refers to stopping criminal behavior and there are two types: general and specific. General deterrence refers to the ability stop the criminal behavior by the public. An example, would be watching someone getting their hand cut off for stealing. The hope is that it serves a general deterrent to the public to not commit that crime as you have seen what happens to a person when they commit that crime. In specific deterrence refers to the offen der specifically in order to stop them from committing that crime again. Rehabilitation is means to change a persons behavior, so that they no longer commit criminal acts. Vindication refers to the making and enforcing of the law and punishment that goes along with a criminal act. Finally, punishment is the punishment of an offender fairly and equally. The consequences of the punishment for the offender are not taken into consideration. Currently, the determinate sentence law is used throughout the U.S. This started when the government and citizens gave up on the idea of rehabilitating prisoners. Its goals were to have a punishment in proportion to the crime and eliminate the disparity in the prison terms. There are three levels of a term that is ordered by a judge depending on the facts of the case. The terms are called: presumptive, aggravated and mitigated. Presumptive terms are the middle of the road terms. In an aggravated term, there may things that occurred that made the crime a little more severe when compared with similar crimes. In a mitigated term, the offender may have had a limited role in the crime or the crime was not as severe. Another caveat in determinate sentence law is that there is typically not any parole. Once the inmate has served their time, they are released automatically. Also, inmates may work to earn days off their sentence. Prior to 1970, the indeterminate sentencing law was used. This law felt that rehabilitating inmates was the number one priority. Known for parole which released inmates into the community after part of their time was served in prison, indeterminate sentence law failed in the successful rehabilitation of the inmate. In indeterminate sentence law, judges were handing out a minimum and maximum time for a sentence. Then a parole board would complete an annual review of the inmate to determine if they were ready for release. The process was not consistent which caused many to become upset with the unfairness. Another important factor to consider is what do we hope to achieve with those individuals who have proven that they are not able to follow the rules of society? If our goals come from retribution, then we are not looking at deterrence, reformation and economic considerations. We are only looking at public safety. If our goal is to rehabilitate, then will we risk public safety in releasing supposed rehabilitated inmates. While we have increased our prison capacity we have also increased our prison populations. We have now learned that we cannot hold all these inmates as our prison are becoming overcrowded which is unsafe for the prison guards and staff who run them as well as to the inmates who reside in them. One major contributor to the increasing population is the mandatory drug laws. It is not uncommon to find stories of inmates who received a mandatory minimum sentence for their minimal parts in drug offenses. According to Family Against Mandatory Minimums, there are many stories those affected by the strict sentencing laws that were created during the war on drugs. Here is one of them: Stephanie dated several men who were involved in selling drugs. At times, they would help Stephanie support her family. In exchange, she occasionally delivered and sold drugs and took messages for them. On October 26, 1993, police arrested Stephanie after she was found sitting on the front porch of a house next to a bag that contained cocaine residue. She confessed she had crack in her possession and surrendered it to the officers. She received probation. On November 10, several weeks after her arrest, police sent a confidential informant (CI) to make a controlled drug buy from Stephanie. On November 15, the CI purchased two crack rocks for $120. On December 8, the CI bought $40 worth of crack from Stephanie and several codefendants. After this final controlled buy, officers searched Stephanies residence and found four pieces of crack cocaine and drug paraphernalia. Stephanie was fined and sentenced to nine months in jail. Nearly three years later on August 16, 1996, police raided Stephanies residence after a CI reported that he had seen crack in the house.   Officers found 500 grams of powder cocaine and $13,710 in an attic safe belonging to Stephanies former boyfriend, Michael. In the master bedroom, police found utensils that tested positive for drug residue. Michael had the key to the safe, along with $797 in cash in his pants pocket. He confessed to police that the money, the cocaine and the paraphernalia belonged to him and that the $797 was from 500 grams of crack he had already sold. Later, Michael would testify that he paid Stephanie to let him reside and store crack at her house. At the time of her arrest, Stephanie had no cash, no bank account and owned no other property besides her car, valued at $2,500. She depended on food stamps and welfare to provide for her children. Stephanie went to trial. She was held accountable for 500 grams of powder cocaine found in the attic safe as well as 500 grams of crack that Michael said he sold.   Several of Stephanies codefendants who dealt drugs with Michael testified against her. Because of their uncorroborated testimony, Stephanie was held accountable for an additional 290 grams of crack, for a total of 1,290 grams (about 2.84 pounds). Stephanie received a sentence enhancement for obstruction of justice because she testified that she had no knowledge of and did not participate in Michaels drug activity.   Because of her 1993 drug offenses, Stephanie was categorized as a career criminal, an enhancement which mandates a life sentence. Despite his objections, Judge Roger Vinson was forced to sentence 26-year-old Stephanie to life in prison without parole.    At sentencing, Judge Vinson said to prosecutors: Theres no question that Ms. George deserved to be punished.   The only question is whether it should be a mandatory life sentence I wish I had another alternative. He told Stephanie, Even though you have been involved in drugs and drug dealing for a number of years your role has basically been as a girlfriend and bag holder and money holder.   So certainly, in my judgment, it doesnt warrant a life sentence. Stephanie received the longest sentence of any of her five codefendants. Over a decade ago, the young mother of three was led out of the courtroom quietly crying. She has now been incarcerated for over 14 years. Her children have grown up without her and her older relatives have aged and passed away. Stephanie has been a model prisoner, actively participating in vocational and educational training and working hard at her prison job. She has completed drug treatment and is sober. Unfortunately, the mandatory minimum life sentence prevents Stephanie from ever having another chance (Families Against Mandatory Minimums, 2011). Stories like Stephanies are not uncommon. Like the judge stated Stephanie needed to be punished for her actions, however it seemed extreme to be sentenced to life in prison for such a minimal role. In many of these cases, the person who was more invested in the illegal activities seems to get away with less time in prison as they were able to make deals with the prosecution. The reason that this occurs is that the person with the most information is in a better position to help prosecutors out and may bargain smaller time in prison for themselves while the person who may have had the smaller role is left holding the bag. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics from a report in 2009, crime rates have remained the same or decreased since 1994 in areas of rape, burglary, property crimes, robbery, motor vehicle theft, and homicide (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) In contrast, the number of inmates in the corrections system which include probation, prison, jail or parole, has increased. The trend remains that prison populations are slowly increasing as well. In 2009, the FBIs Uniform Crime Report (UCR) reported a 1.9 percent decline in violent crimes and a 0.8 percent decline in property crimes reported in 2008. This drop in crime came at a time when the prison and jail growth rates fell from previous years (2008). This data shows that while crime rates were decreasing in contrast the incarceration rates had increased. There should also be guidelines when determining who should be sentenced to prison instead of community service orders. A person should be sentenced to prison or jail if any lesser punishment would depreciate the seriousness of the crime that was committed, imprisonment is needed in order to deter them from crime, and if the person has had other sanctions applied to them. The cost of building a new prison is rather staggering. The estimated cost to build a new prison is $250 million and another $45 million a year to run it. In todays economy, it would be unwise to not consider economical factors when debating the construction of new prisons. It is not a mystery that a majority of inmates that were sentenced to prison will one day be released back into society. It is important to remember that once a person has spent time in prison, the chances that he will return are quite high. In a two year time frame, it was found that 70% of inmates committed another offense and were returned to prison. Since we know that many of these offenders will be returning to society (some for a shorter amount of time than others), it is important to ensure that are prisons provide inmates with opportunities. One opportunity that is a win-win situation for all is prison industries. Federal Prison Industries (FPI) emerged during the Prison Industries Era, but was limited by the Ashurst Sanders Act. Today prison industries are in place making license plates, office furniture and other items. However, they are limited as to who they may sell things to. This seems to be a resource that is not fully appreciated. If we were to implement additional trades to provide inmates with some skill upon leaving the prison system, then they would be better able to make the transition into society. Many inmates have an 8th grade education. If they were appropriately trained, they would be able to pay compensation to the victim of their crime, assist in supporting their family while in prison and build confidence in knowing that they have a skill that would allow them to work on the outside. Some examples of valuable skills would be to teach welding skills, automotive skills, electrical skills, farming techniques and other technical skills. Also, the profit that the prison industry makes could go to costs of running the prison facilities, provide education to the inmates, and other rehabilitative programs. There are those that against the prison industries who say that the inmates are being paid unfair wages, however the inmate is currently being housed, fed and clothed which are huge expenditures by a citizen out in society. It appears to balance out. There are others who dont think that the skills being taught are not useful; however it is a skill that they did not have prior to arriving at prison. It also gives the inmate something to do while incarcerated. Boredom in a prison is not a good thing; it could lead to violence and riots. Lets look at some other solutions or alternatives to building additional prisons. It is clear that in order to avoid building new prisons, the inmate population will need to either decrease or remain the same. An alternative to imprisonment would be day fines. Day fines are successfully being collected in both Germany and Sweden. The day fine process has two steps. First, you need to consider the severity of the crime. For example, the more serious the crime the higher the fine will be. Second, you need to look at the income of the offender. Currently, in the U.S. day fines have not completely caught on. Many times, day fines are not enforced or collected. This is the result of fines handed out that a lower income person could not afford, so they dont put utilize resources in collecting them. The day fine could be used as a better deterrent for someone who is rich as they would feel it the same as a person who does not make as much. For example, if you get a $500 speeding ticket and you are someone like Paris Hilton that will not really deter you from speeding again. Now if the fine was raised to $50,000, it could deter you from speeding in the future. An idea that stirs up great controversy is the release of inmates prior to the term deemed by a judge. However, we should remember the war on drugs and many of the sentences set forth by the judge were mandated to the judge. There are many cases where judges at the sentencing stated their unhappiness with being bound to the sentence. Discretion should be given to judge when making sentences, so that the punishment is fitting to the crime. The judge is present at the trial and has access to the pre-sentence report. Having seen the full picture, the judge should be able to hand out the best sentence for the offender. The mandatory minimum sentence law should be replaced with flexible guidelines. We should also look at the idea that not all who are convicted of a crime should go to prison. There are other alternative besides sending someone to prison for committing crimes. These are often cheaper when compared with housing an inmate in a correctional facility. According to the state of Georgia, it costs $28,936 a year for a minimum security prison to house an inmate compared with $1,434 for an offender with intensive probation (FY2009 Costs of Adult Offender Sanctions, 2008). Community corrections is the when punishment involves more community supervision and activities and less confinement. Probation is one of the most commonly used sentences that are applied. There are two types: general and specific. General probation is just that, these are the rules that many offenders must abide by. They direct that the offender must obey all laws, stay within the jurisdiction of the courts, stay employed, allow access to their homes by a probation officer or police officer and not be i n the possession of a firearm. In specific probation, the judge may add specific limitations and rules that pertain specifically to that offender. For example, if the offense was drug-related perhaps mandate drug tests and rehabilitation programs in addition to the general probation guidelines. Intermediate sanctions or alternative sentencing strategies are sentencing alternatives that cover a variety of options. Split sentencing is usually completed in a jail versus a prison. Then there is shock probation where the offender is sentenced to prison, but serves only a short amount of time, they are then released with probation. The goal of this is to surprise the inmate with a shorter prison term. Shock incarceration has the offender in a boot camp like setting for about 90-180 days to shock the inmate into better behavior. It is more commonly used for young offenders and first time offenders. Community service is a common punishment where the offender must dedicate some of their time to a community organization. Some pick up trash on the side of the road or volunteer in soup kitchens; this is usually reserved for minor offenses. Home confinement is another alternative to prisons. This is beneficial as it allows the offender to remain in his community, has the ability to keep his employment, and with his family. They utilize an ankle bracelet which is equipped with GPS to know the location of the offender. This is easily monitored 24 hours a day. Some monitoring devices are able to detect alcohol in the offenders system which would be useful in settings where alcohol or drug use was forbidden. Today satellites assist with detecting the location of the offender. This technology is constantly evolving and is sure to develop some other useful tools in monitoring large amounts of offenders. These are also done at a lower cost compared with incarceration. The Irish System that was created by Sir Walter Crofton is a good basis for the parole system. Under this system, inmates would be able to demonstrate that they have changed their behavior and are ready to enter back into society. It would be a system where they would have to work to be able to move into the next level and are rewarded with additional freedoms. Communities would benefit from the free labor that they receive from inmates through their trash pick-up and the fixing of buildings that are in disrepair. The ticket of leave inmates could be monitored with a

Group Paper Analysis: the Effects of Culture in Patient-Provider Interaction

Group Paper Analysis: Group #3 The Effects of Culture in Patient-Provider Interaction and Means for Dealing With It Shawn Burke, Shin-Hyung Lee, Siamak Mahdavi, Thuan Nguyen, Brittany Oswald, Teasha Walters As a culturally diverse country discrepancies in health care have been documented and continue to serve as a threat to satisfactory patient care. Data has shown that minority groups suffer more greatly from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, amid other ailments. In 1998, the Health Resource and Services Administration Health Disparities Collaboratives was designed to provide proper care and treatment for citizens that are uninsured and/or medically vulnerable, such as certain racial groups. This organization is aimed at lessening racial and ethnic disparities presented in health care and improving the quality of care for this population (Grossman et al. (2008). Although this progressive system aids in eliminating health care disparities, there is still an evident effect of culture on patient-provider interactions. With an increasing change in the demographics of our country, it is imperative to improve patient-provider interactions among various races and ensure proper treatment for all. In order to counteract these disparities and promote appropriate care for all races, health care systems formed the subject of cultural competence. According to Betancourt et al (2003), in a culturally competent health care system, the significance of culture and implementation of services to properly meet culturally necessity needs are integrated within and focuses on the health beliefs for different cultures and specific treatment for different patient populations. In order to function properly as a culturally competent health care system, specific requirements are mandated. The health care system needs a diverse staff reflective of the community surrounding the institution, translators to communicate with patients, specific training for health care providers, and valuable signs and information available in different languages (Betancourt et al. 2003, Anderson et al. 2003). Implementation of a culturally competent health care system increases the potential for improving patient care and efficacy and helps to eliminate health care disparities among culturally diverse ndividuals. It is very important to understand cultural values in order to improve patient-provider interactions. Many foreigners face difficulties when they are faced with seeking medical attention mainly due to only having limited vocabulary skills as well as not being familiar with medical terms commonly used in the United States. These main cultural differences lead to many peop le having great difficulty when trying to communicate their symptoms to a medical professional. It is comprehensible that health care providers have a hard time giving a diagnosis if a patient cannot correctly describe their symptoms. However, this can be improved by respecting cultural values such as courtesy, empathy, and harmony. According to the study â€Å"Patient satisfaction in Japan† written by Elluch, the author states that health care providers should emphasize cultural values such as courtesy, empathy and harmony to improve foreign patient satisfaction when delivering medical services. This is because satisfied customers are an important asset for the healthcare provider as satisfied customers tend to reuse the service and recommend it to their families and friends. In order to reduce the threats which are the discrepancies in health care, respecting and considering cultural values and differences will be useful to improve patient-provider interactions among various races. Moreover,by emphasizing those cultural values it will help to maintain long-term relationships between patient and providers. There are numerous documentations describing the consciousness of physicians towards health beliefs and values of their patients. As previously mentioned, barriers in communication between physicians and their patients due to differences in cultural stance can lead to interruptions in care and undesirable patient outcomes. Research by Street and Haidet (2010) states â€Å"current evidence indicates that physicians often have a poor understanding of their patients’ perspectives with respect to patients’ preferences for involvement in decision-making, desire for information†¦beliefs about treatment effectiveness and prognosis†¦and emotional states† (Street & Haidet, 2010). It is imperative for physicians to understand patients’ cultural perspective because treatment care plans are based off the communication that doctors have with their patients. Street and Haidet conducted a cross-sectional observational study that used the CONNECT instrument to asses the â€Å"6 domains of an individual’s perceptions about a particular health condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Street & Haidet, 2010) within a â€Å"convenience sample of 207 patients and 29 primary care physicians from 10 outpatient clinics† (Street & Haidet, 2010). The key results indicates â€Å"Physicians' perceptions of their patients' health beliefs differed significantly (P

Communication †According to Ability Essay

Whether CLT should be considered an approach or a methodology is a more abstract debate and here I want to deal with its more practical aspects. In fact, it is those very elements, and the name itself, which have been used to challenge the future relevance of CLT. Firstly, the label implies a focus on communication and some might argue that this method can’t be employed genuinely with low levels as there is no authentic communication, due to a limited vocabulary and restricted range of functions. Initially, many of a learner’s utterances are very formulaic. As an aside, consider just what percentage of our own English expressions are unique, and how often we rely on a set phrase; just because it is delivered unselfconsciously and with natural intonation does not make it original. The aim is that the length and complexity of exchanges, and confident delivery, will grow with the student’s language ability. With the emphasis on communication, there is also the implication that spoken exchanges should be authentic and meaningful; detractors claim that the artificial nature of classroom–based (i.e. teacher – created) interactions makes CLT an oxymoron. Nevertheless, a proficient teacher will provide a context so that class interactions are realistic and meaningful but with the support needed to assist students to generate the target language. We need to consider that producing language is a skill and when we learn a skill we practise in improvised settings. For example, before a nurse gives a real injection, they have punctured many a piece of fruit to hone their technique. Accuracy as Well as Fluency It might also be argued that the extent of some of the structures or functions may never be used in real life. One example is adjective order; I have given students an exercise where they have to produce a phrase with a string of adjectives, such as â€Å"a strong, orange, Norwegian, canvas tent.† This is very unnatural, as most times we only combine two or three adjectives. The other example is directions – we have students follow a map and negotiate exhaustive directions which suggest maze-like complexity. In reality, most of us probably are only involved in a three-phase set of directions. In fact, what we are doing with these exercises is exposing students to patterns which they can later activate. This focus on accuracy versus fluency is one of the issues not often considered in a discussion of CLT. The teacher decides to pay attention to one or other end of this band, depending on the type of lesson, or the stage of a particular lesson, and accuracy is their choice if they want to deal with students getting things right, take an opportunity for correction, or gauge the success of their teaching, for example. Freer speaking involves more choice, therefore more ambiguity, and less teacher intervention. While CLT implies the lessons are more student-centred, this does not mean they are un-structured. The teacher does have a very important role in the process, and that is setting up activities so that communication actually happens. There is a lot of preparation; accuracy practice is the bridge to a fluency activity. By implication, CLT involves equipping students with vocabulary, structures and functions, as well as strategies, to enable them to interact successfully. The reference to strategies introduces the matter of grammatical versus communicative competence. If we view the two as mutually exclusive, then we are likely to champion one over the other, in terms of approach, curriculum or whatever else determines and defines our classroom teaching. In fact, Canale and Swain’s model of communicative competence, referred to by Guangwei Hu, includes four sub-categories, namely grammatical, sociolinguistic discourse and strategic. They consider someone competent in English should demonstrate both rules of grammar and use. Promoting Learning This returns us to the consideration of who we are teaching, and why. Are our students aiming to learn or acquire English? Do they need to know lexical items and linguistic rules as a means of passing an exam, or do they want to be able to interact in English? For those inclined to maintain the dichotomy between learning and acquisition, and who argue that our primary focus is learners, CLT still has relevance. It is timely to review an early definition of CLT. According to Richards and Rodgers, in Guangwei Hu, CLT is basically about promoting learning. Then again, Mark Lowe suggests that we follow Halliday’s lead and drop the distinction between learning and acquisition, and refer to language mastery instead. After all, if the students master the language, they will certainly be able to perform better in exams, if that is their goal. In addition, those who do see a purpose beyond classroom-related English will be better equipped for using the language socially. Motivation One of the constant discussions in all my teacher training groups was how to motivate students. This suggests that the focus on passing the exam was not always enough. Motivation relates to engaging students but also includes confidence building. If there is a climate of trust and support in the classroom, then students are more likely to contribute. One way of developing this is to allow pair-checking of answers before open-class checking occurs. Another way is to include an opportunity for students to discuss a topic in small groups before there is any expectation that they speak in front of the whole class. Evelyn Doman suggests that â€Å"The need for ongoing negotiation during interaction increases the learners’ overt participation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is this involvement we need to harness and build on. Sometimes the participation is hardly what we would define as ‘negotiation’, but merely a contribution. For a few students, just uttering a word or a phrase can be an achievement. Indeed, some of the teachers in the training sessions said this was the goal they set for their more reticent pupils. And I have had students who, after writing their first note or e-mail in English, expressed their pride at being able to do so. If teachers consider an activity to be irrelevant or not engaging enough, there are many other tasks which may be more appropriate, such as surveys, using a stimulus picture and prompt questions (Who†¦ Where†¦ When†¦What†¦), or a series of pictures which need to be sequenced before a story is discussed. In this respect, CLT addresses another area which constantly challenges teachers, the mixed-ability class. When the lesson progresses to a freer-speaking activity, students can contribute according to their ability and confidence, although I acknowledge both need to be stretched. So there is a challenge for the more capable students, while those with an average ability still feel their effort is valid. This compares with the less creative opportunities offered by some textbooks, where students read a dialogue, perhaps doing a substitution activity, for example. A basic responsibility is considering and responding to the needs of our students, so if the course book is inadequate we need to employ the following steps: select, adapt, reject and supplement. Moreover, because each class we teach has its own characteristics and needs, CLT will vary each time we employ it. Conclusion Too often, a ‘new’ approach appears to completely dismiss the previous one. This is not always the intention, but probably more a result of the enthusiasm of practitioners exploring and implementing fresh activities or opportunities. Also, throughout the CLT debate, there seem to be dichotomies which are employed to argue for its irrelevance. It is evident that CLT has gathered a range of characteristics, perhaps more through misunderstanding or by association, but it is actually not as incompatible with other valued practices as it is sometimes made to appear.

The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay - 1758 Words

William Blake, a unique poet of the literary canon, is one of the most critiqued poets of all time. Having a rather unique stylistic approach to topics, especially religion, Blake seems to contradict himself in his own writing and, therefore, sparks questions in the readers’ minds on specific subjects. Two of his poems in particular have been widely critiqued and viewed in various lights. â€Å"The Tyger,† written in 1774, and â€Å"The Lamb,† written five years later in 1789, are considered companion poems due to their similar humanistic topic and stark differences of each other. Through the use of specific titillation and use of rhetorical questioning, Blake sets up an ultimatum between the two poems, creating the illusion that each creature in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Tyger,† however, is part of the â€Å"Songs of Experience† collection, which revolves more around a â€Å"ruthless, ferocious† (Northrop 380) â€Å"world of e xperience† that an â€Å"adult† would live in (Northrop 380). Whereas the â€Å"Songs of Innocence† are â€Å"relatively light and optimistic poems† (Milton), the â€Å"Songs of Experience† are much darker in tone and exposing the world as seen in the â€Å"Songs of Innocence.† Postulated to be unique in the fact that these two collections were the most intricate of all of his works, Blakes â€Å"artistic vision† is clearly shown in â€Å"The Songs of Innocence and of Experience† (Curran 256). Being from this volume of Blakes most complex works, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† are commonly thought of as companion poems because of the similarity and opposition found in the two. Each of these poems, read in light of each other, seem to revolve around the topic of religion, as many others found in this particular novel do. Leading to one of the central themes of the piece, it could be considered that Blakes overl aying message in the pieces were about religion. However, despite him being a Christian, albeit â€Å"unconventional† in his practice (Evans), the overlaying theme of most, if not all poems in the volume revolve around some aspect of humanitys spectrum. Thus, despite the use of theological logic in part of each poem, the idea of religion is explored with a more rationalisticShow MoreRelatedThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake1330 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake is an English poet, painter, and printmaker from the eighteenth century. With his unique way with words and mastery craftsmanship, he created an illustration collection of poems called Songs of Innocence and Experience in 1789. His most famous poems from Songs of Innocence and Experience are â€Å"The Lamb and The Tyger†. These poems use animals to attest to God’s role as the Creator, yet they possess contrasting tones and language of the speaker and present conflicting views of God’s powerR ead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagescreated, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo the common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such differentRead MoreThe Tyger And The Lamb By William Blake991 Words   |  4 Pagesand event that has ever existed may have had bad effects in one situation, but good effects for another situation. And every human, by extension, has aspects about them that can be viewed as both good and evil. In his poems, â€Å"The Tyger† and, â€Å"The Lamb†, author William Blake explores the ideas of duality, and how each thing must have an equal opposite. He uses both these poems to further ruminate on this dichotomy and brings up many questions in the context of religion. He seeks to point out that inRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesin The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake his idea that there are two different types of people in this world yet we ne ed both for balance. His next poem The Chimney Sweeper has many hidden meaning within his poem about his views on society. Then he goes on in his poem titled Infant Sorrow to reveal his thoughts on non-conformists. William Blake makes a different criticism of society in his four poems The Lamb, The Tyger, The Chimney Sweeper and Infant Sorrow. To begin, William Blake uses hisRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger1493 Words   |  6 Pageswriters who recorded their artistic and emotional responses to the natural world, William Blake explores the concept of life’s dualities and how this concept applied to life in 18th Century Britain, as well as to the relationship between the body and spirit, in his most popular works, Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794). Two standout poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† respectively taken from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, demonstrateRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger873 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed as pure, tender, and innocent. Even in the Holy Bible, lambs are talked about in such high honor that they were even used to be holy sacrifices during biblical times. William Blake describes the young sheep in similar characteristics in the poem â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†. A tiger as we know its characteristics to be is fierce and mysterious. Always lurking around, waiting for the perfect opportunity to strike. In William Blake’s two separate poems he ties each of the poems together withRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger And The Lamb 940 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ages many writers have come and gone, and with them brought many ideas or viewpoints on life and the human soul. Undoubtedly, William Blake was indeed one of those monumental writers who paved the way for new thinking. A thinking of the human soul and two intricate parts that join to fulfill a soul. Both pairs of the soul are illustrated in both The Tyger and The Lamb. Both poems being commonly referred to as staples of poetry, can allude to different ideas. Man believe they deal with the questionsRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Lamb And The Tyger1473 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Blake’s â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger† contrast ea ch other as the innocence and experiences that happen in the world, they also reflect on how our Creator could create such evil and purity in the same world. The same of Wordsworth’s representation of his past self vs. his present self, both are necessary to understand â€Å"the life of things† more deeply. Innocence is the foundation upon which experience is built meaning that experience and tragic parts of life start from the innocence of a personRead More Comparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesComparing The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake This essay will focus on the enchanting poem, The Lamb which is taken from the Songs of Innocence which will be compared and contrasted with the mysterious poem, The Tyger, which is taken from the Songs of Experience. The poem of The Lamb represents the childs early years whereas The Tyger portrays an adult (the dominator). Blake has constructed these two poems from natural views and by comparing and contrastingRead More Comparison of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay2199 Words   |  9 PagesWhen do we change? When do we change from being the innocent children God sent into the world, to the corrupted ones that leave the earth? William Blake’s ‘Songs of Innocence and Experience examine these different states. Blake wanted to show the two contrary states in the human mind. The Lamb and the Tyger are just vehicles for Blake to express what he feels happens to people as they grow, develop and eventually become perverted by the world around them. Blake’s background and occupation greatly