American Dream – Of Mice and Men

The book Of Mice and Men follows George and Lennie on their Journey to reach the American Dream. Although the American Dream can vary from person to person, the main goal of the dream is to gain something they desire. George and Lennie's goal is to have their own land and make their own decisions. â€Å"Someday-we're gonna get the jack together and we gonna have a little house and a couple of acres† (Steinbeck 14). To reach their dream, George lies for Lennie because of his mental disabilities.Even hough George is lying, it doesn't compromise his moral character because he is doing this to protect Lennie. Later on in the book, Lennie accidentally murders Curleys wife to prevent himself from getting in trouble. Some may argue it compromises his moral character, but due to his mental disabilities he wasn't able to know his actions were wrong. George and Lennie were not able to achieve the American Dream, but they did try to accomplish it without compromising their moral characte r.Curlers wife also had an American Dream. Her dream is to go to Hollywood and be in movies, but she wasn't able to do this because of her mother. â€Å"I wasn't gonna stay no place where I couldn't†¦ make something of myself†¦ So I married Curley' (Steinbeck 88). On her way to reach her dream, she wasn't always honest. She didn't stay true to her moral character by settling to marry Curley. If she would have stayed true to her morals, she might have had a better chance at reaching her dream. â€Å"A guy needs somebody-to be near him.A guy goes nuts if he ain't got obody' (Steinbeck 72). The stable buck, Crooks, believes the American Dream is to have a best friend. This might seem to be a simple dream, but due to the time period, it was actually rather complicated. Crooks is African American and therefore looked down upon by the other workers. No one wants to be friends with a guy like Crooks. Crooks accepted his fate of never being able to accomplish his dream, but stay ed true to his moral character by not going out of his way to make the guys like him.

Journal for Advanced Lifespan Development

As far as disciplines are concerned in such a vast scientific world that people circulate in, when psychology was conceived and eventually became a separate field of concentration, it has become perhaps one of the most popular courses and career any individual would want to venture in. The main concerns however are left for aficionados to speculate that the study of human behavior, its scientific explorations on the human mind and its mental processes is also a very complex and quite difficult arena (Papalia et al, 2002).There are theories and theorists that abound to posit on the description, explanation or understanding and prediction (and if possible, modification or control) of behavior among human organisms. Despite the modern breakthroughs, there lies a tension between what has been known and what are still unknown on the creature called man (Bernstein, 1991). This paper is anchored on the understanding that psychology actually pertains to the human psyche which is the equivale nt of the soul and/or spirit where insights, knowledge and understanding reside.Where this is the central issue, spirituality similarly is attracted to the human mind where the attention that much of the Christian doctrine is also supposed to attend to or has been prepared to change. Baumrind’s theory of parenting styles Introduction Diana Baumrind developed a very widely known theory of parenting which created a great impact on the idea of parenting styles that most parents adhere to and follow today. The concept of main concepts include the authoritative, permissive and authoritarian models (Atkinson et al, 1993).The main idea concerns these styles and their impact on the resulting developing person. It is considered influential because it is perhaps the easiest to remember and where most parents or adults readily relate to in most cases (Morgan, 1977). The theory indeed has inspired a lot of consequent studies especially the implied and emphasized acceptance of the superio rity of the authoritative model over and against the rest of the other styles.In a sense, Baumrind and her theory or studies convey the clear message that there is such a correct way of rearing children and this she mentioned as the authoritative way (Thomson, 2005). Critiques of course abound as to the validity and applicability of her theory at all times or in all set-ups or situations. The studies many argue had only been correlation which means that there is no such direct â€Å"cause and effect† as one would have wanted to appear (Papalia et al, 2002, p. 301). Implications to CounselingCounseling in this perspective would imply that the counselor adhere to Baumrind’s understanding that there is the right way of bringing up children (Baumrind, 1959). However, as studies also reveal, parents never behave as consistently as they should as they relate with their children in all aspects of their lives (Baumrind, 1971). Here is the complication here. Counseling then, wo uld serve as guidance to parents and would-be parents as to what would emerge as more successful parenting by introducing and comparing the different parenting styles.Despite the fact that what was employed was correlational type of research methodology does not mean that the results have become altogether invalid or insignificant. It means that for most of those who advocate the authoritative style, children have emerged as more adjusted and more capable of getting into different stresses that life in reality has to offer (Bootzin, 1991). Implications to Culture Culture is of course influenced to the degree that people inhabiting certain localities or communities believe on the Baumrind model.It means that parents and adults who are primary caregivers adjust to the authoritative standpoint for a society to make a better chance of surviving and minimizing the chaos that people bring on themselves by virtue of living in a dysfunctional world (Baumrind, 1975; Bernstein, 1991). Culture then must give in to the idea that even if parents come from different ethnic groups or race, that does not deter them to adopt the â€Å"right† way of bringing up or rearing children. Implications to the Biblical worldview The Judeo-Christian worldview is definitely perhaps the primary reason that these styles have emerged.The backdrop of the styles mimic with the typical home where the bible and its influence may be peculiarly absent or obviously the hub from which the family must revolve around. The authoritarian is by and large a translation of the Judeo-Christian worldview of bringing up children and way of raising a family where cooperation is not taken for granted. It goes to show also that the Bible or Scriptures must take the front seat in all endeavors and decision-making processes. Conclusion Many get their inspiration for adopting their way of raising their family based on the Baumrind model.Indeed, it has been effective to a degree because it can easily be remem bered and understood. Usually, anyone coming from a background of any of the styles can immediately relate. Eph 6:1 admonishes children: â€Å"Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right, and reinforced in Col 3:20, â€Å"Children, obey your parents in all things: for this is well pleasing unto the Lord† (KJV). Another is found in Proverbs 4:1, â€Å"Hear, my children, the instruction of a father, and give attention to know understanding† (NKJV).The parents then must see to it that the guidance must be contained in the context of the Christian home. Again, though, these must be taken in the context of the Scriptural admonition that wisdom comes from God through His Word. The day to day efforts and energies expended on raising children in the context of the Christian household entail more than an accumulation of experiences and knowledge. It takes the wisdom that God through His Spirit infuses as the parent or guardian waits upon in meditation and in sub mission to God and His word. References 1. Atkinson, R. L. , R. C. Atkinson, E.E. Smith, D. J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 1993. Introduction to Psychology, 13th ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers. 2. Baumrind, Diana. 1959. Conceptual issues involved in evaluating improvement due to psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 22, 341-348. 3. Baumrind, Diana. 1975. The contributions of the family to the development of competence in children. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14, 12-37. 4. Baumrind, Diana, 1971. Harmonious parents and their preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 99-102. 5. Bernstein, D. A. , E. J. Roy, T. K. Srull, and C. D. Wickens, 1991. Psychology.New Jersey: Houghton Mifflin Company. 6. Bootzin, R. R. 1991. Psychology. New York: Gilford Press. 7. Morgan, Clifford T. 1977. A Brief Introduction to Psychology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 8. Papalia, Diane E. , S. W. Olds. , RD Feldman. 2002. Human Development. 8th Ed. , International Edition. McGraw-Hill. 9. Thompson, Ross A. â€Å"Child Development. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005. 10. The Holy Bible. 2001. New King James Version. Power BibleCD Online Publishing, Inc. 127 N. Matteson Street PO Box 21, Bronson, MI 49028

Effects of 2008 Beijing Olympic Tourism Assignment

Effects of 2008 Beijing Olympic Tourism - Assignment Example The methodology to be applied for the present research is mainly based on the analysis of the literary sources related to the topic; another method used in the research is the analysis of the possible effects according to the separate aspects: political, economical, social and business. A strategy of place marketing and urban image construction examined in this paper is the staging of mega events and grand urban spectacles to attract world attention to cities. In the hope of hosting world class media events, public funds are squandered to turn cities into 'stage sets', using spectacular urbanism, monumental architecture, and modern infrastructure to erect images of progress, order and prosperity. Throughout the 1990s, a series of international events and grand political spectacles were held in Beijing to improve global perception of the city. These were accompanied by international marketing campaigns to advertise the city on the world scene and by major social, cultural, and physical beautification programmes intended to reform the city's human and material resources. As the example of Beijing will show, spectacles, festivals, and rituals are not solely directed to an international audience in the hope of attracting visitors and capital, but they also act as important tools of national representation by reviving national pride and unity and convincing local citizens of the beneficence of the system. Urban spectacles are also used to aestheticize local politics. As Wahab & Cooper rightly noted, aesthetics can easily turn an unsavoury political agenda into an intoxicating spectacle (2001). Urban spectacles and mega events can therefore have an important depoliticizing effect by draining politics out of the urban arena, thereby averting political controversy and dwarfing political defiance from the local population (Sinclair & Stabler, 1997, p. 90). Much like the 'bread and circuses' of ancient Rome, the spectacular displays that accompany the staging of important world events often act as instruments of popular pacification and social control. By distracting people from their everyday struggles, the spectacle lowers their social and political awareness and weakens their sense of criticism, thereby promoting complacency and alienation. In Beijing as elsewhere, the preparation for hosting mega events also calls for social beautification programmes, which include complex tactics of social disciplining, 'civilizing' reforms and a tightening of the social control

What is a group Discuss with reference to Bion's 'Experiences in Essay

What is a group Discuss with reference to Bion's 'Experiences in group' and your own - Essay Example It is because lovebirds are sociable birds. They should go in pairs or in a group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We join others wherein we feel a sense of belonging and security, thus becoming a part of a group. We seek to join aggregates that have common entity with us. We stick to a group because we know that this group have something the same about ourselves. Being a part of a group is therefore important in a person’s life for survival.   Every individual has its own niche therefore each is essential. It may be towards others or towards the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Group is defined as any social aggregation that contains at least two classes of people we refer to as â€Å"the leadership† and â€Å"the membership† or a more complex structure one having an external boundary and at least one internal boundary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2).   This enables us to view a group as a large circle whose external boundary   distinguishes its members (those inside the circle) and nonmembers (those outside the   circle) with a smaller circle inside the larger one represents the existence of the important   two classes of people in the group, the leadership and the membership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theorists like Cartwright and Zander (1968) on the topic groups and group dynamics have suggested that group is not a definable idea since it merely describes an area of study whose boundaries are blurred. Various definitions of groups can be made according to them wherein each one has its unique focus and may exclude other aspects that serve as core of the other definitions. 1. The individuals within the group think that they are group members who refer to themselves as we rather than I or they. They experience the same fate thus feeling a sense of belongingness and a common sense of identity. They are equally provided with the same benefits as to what the other members receive. 2. These group members have psychological effects on each other. These

Leadership Issues - Empowerment of Employees Essay

Leadership Issues - Empowerment of Employees - Essay Example Internal commitment is developed when workers or employees remain committed towards a person, program or project for their own personal motives. Since the complete decision making authority and responsibilities of a work rests with the worker or employee empowered, the question arises as to whether in that case the position and role of a manager becomes irrelevant or not (Dubrin, 2008, p.204). Extensive research has been conducted on the subject and different researchers have brought forth different perspectives. It is important to discuss whether employee empowerment calls for the complete removal of position of managers in organizations or they still stand to have their position and responsibility in directing group activities towards the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. In this study, a critical analysis is provided on the subject with particular reference to the management and leadership literature. The various views of researchers on the subject are complied an d brought to the fore to arrive at a comprehensive conclusion. ‘Empowered employees’ negates the need for managers- Critical Analysis The debate between employee empowerment and the role of managers can be most prominently viewed with regards to the hotel industry. Most employees in this sector are trained by managers to handle the guest incidents happening at the spot along with good judgement which includes being promptly, professional and courteous. This is aimed at improving services delivered to guests and consequently their satisfaction level, creating a better working environment for employees and creating time for managers to focus on other tasks and managerial activities. According to Brymer (2002) this is not only unusual and unnatural approach towards managing hotel activities but also surprising as the decision making authority accounts for the most important task that managers long for. At the first place the task for managing guests is quite a challenging task which could be difficult for workers or employees to manage. Researchers have regarded this as an indulgence in the way that employees would be inclined towards giving away too much without taking into consideration the costs or its impacts on the bottom line (Brymer, 2002, p.58). The argument has been countered by the fact that decentralization of decision making has been particularly successful in the quest services oriented organizations which includes hotels, restaurants and the like. This success has gradually created a step by step framework which has been used by the hospitality sector for the implementation of employee empowerment programs. These programs have been implemented for long in the hospitality sector and have achieved considerable success also (Brymer, 2002, p.58). Researchers have emphasized on the existence of trust on the part of the supervisors and managers on their subordinates to empower them which determines whether empowering employees would be succes sful or not. However, empowering employees to the desired organization responsibilities and decision making authority does not completely rule out the requirement or need for managers or the requirement of managerial activities though (Straiter, 2005, p.87). It is the managers’ responsibility to determine the competency, reliability and responsibility of the subordinates. Researchers like McAllister (1995), argues that this can be a complicated and uncertain process which

Report - sustainability - compare the footprint of different countries Coursework

Report - sustainability - compare the footprint of different countries - Coursework Example In this report, the researcher will analyze what are the main factors that increase the water foot prints and how the water footprints can be lowered. Like other resources that help life on the earth to sustain, water is also an important component that helps the life to sustain on earth. Most of living organisms have more amount of water in their bodies besides other components. A normal human body has about 60percent of water and the rest 40% is other essential components. Seas and oceans cover almost 70% of the earth but the seawater is undrinkable as the water is saline and can damage the vital organs like kidneys, etc. The process of desalination water is quite expensive and requires a large amount of energy. Out of total water resources including saline seawater, 2.5 percent of the water can be drinkable but a major amount of drinkable water is found in the form of glaciers and only 1 percent of the water is for the human utilization (Johnson 2012). Some countries have more wat er resources as compared to the others. As the number of lakes and rivers present in the country is responsible for making the country full of drinkable water resources. In the similar way, a country with less rivers and lakes makes the country having less water resources. Having less water resources directly influences the human life as less water resources would influence the corps; farms, etc thus influence the food production. To minimize the water losses and water footprints we should cut down the excessive use of water. Like little alteration in the way we utilize the water can make big difference like how we utilize water during bath, during washing clothes, etc. The main concern is how the water is utilized in different countries. What are the water footprints in different countries and how the water footprints influence the water in some other regions? In this report, I will analyze what are the main factors that increase the water foot prints and how the water footprints c an be lowered. Methodology In this report, I will utilize the qualitative method as well as qualitative method for research. In qualitative research method, the secondary data collection method is utilized. In the secondary data collection, the data is collected from the previous research work associating with the topic of the research. The collected data is then analyzed and reviewed to extract the useful data from the raw data. In secondary data collection method, the previous work of other researchers and authors on the relevant topics is collected through various sources. The main source is the internet articles, journals and research works. Books on the other are

Metropolis by Giorgio Moroder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Metropolis by Giorgio Moroder - Essay Example With this on hand, the paper will dwell on the view of the movie as women are the source to evil, and how the role of women changed as the movie unfolds. Metropolis The movie, Metropolis, released in 1927, is based on the novel by Thea von Harbou. The movie is a silent film, which was directed by Fritz Lang, who is a German filmmaker. Metropolis was a futuristic city with airplanes, flyovers, and high rise buildings used and occupied by the higher class. This population lives with all the amenities to used and enjoy, such as sports, libraries, cinemas, and the like. On the contrary, beneath the highly urbanized city are the workers who control the functions of the machines used in Metropolis. The workers strive to survive the daily routine of hard work, darkness, and even death below the lively and well-developed city. The movie evolves on the resistance of the workers towards the master of Metropolis, Joh Fredersen. Along with this, the story escalates to the development of the love story between Freder, the son of Joh Fredersen, and Maria, a daughter of a worker who aims for freedom and equality. Freder, as the son of the master of Metropolis, has the freedom to enjoy all the goodness and luxury in life. However, one day, Maria went to the Eternal Garden and brought the children of the workers there, where Freder was also present. Freder, intrigued of the passion he saw in Maria, followed them to the underground city where he saw the laborers suffer and die. The incident that he witnessed rose his concern for the workers. For this reason, he decided to take the place of a worker and was also invited to take part in the meeting that Maria organized to bring hope to the workers. In the meeting, Maria spoke of hope, and that one day a savior with the hand and the heart will come to unite their cities. At the same time, Joh Fredersen had witnessed the power that Maria had over the workers, which made him fear her. For this reason, he assigned Rotwang, a scientist , to create a robot in the likeness of Maria, and to use the robot to gain the loyalty of the workers. However, the robot Maria became out of control and led the workers to destroy the machines underground, not knowing that the machines were built to save their city from flood. Chaos came to being; however, Maria and Freder were able to save the children of the workers, and Freder became the hand and the heart that united the workers and his father (DiMare 346-348). The Portrayal of Women in Metropolis Metropolis is a science fiction film, which has the female persona represented by the cyborg Maria or the robot Maria and the human Maria. The cyborg Maria is linked with the â€Å"social chaos, and revolution suggests that these are not just economic problems: they are also sexual problems† (Brockmann 87). It is also important to note that the cyborg Maria was not created to do the typical activities a robot is expected to do. She was created and given the likeness of the huma n Maria, who poses a threat as reality, and technology unites in her (Ascott 311). Furthermore, the female cyborg, in this case Maria, is a character in the film that is mostly defined as a problematic individual torn between her ability to reproduce and her robotic ability. Most of the time, the character of the female cyborg portrays two roles, which is a hero or a villain. In this case, the cyborg Maria is described by Claudia Springer as an

MAF307 EQUITIES AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MAF307 EQUITIES AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS - Essay Example The strategic analysis of the group indicates that with continued development of new initiatives and business products, the group is likely to expand its client base by entering new markets. The company’s salary packing business continues to provide an annuity stream of income that further allows cross-selling of company’s other products such as leasing services. The company has a very strong balance sheet and cash flow position that gives it opportunity to choose inorganic expansion route. The company’s revenues from core activities experienced 12.6% to $161.50 million at the end of December 2012, with net profits rising over 19.3%. The company announced the gain in gross revenue and profit for the year June 2013 but a proposal from the Labour government shook company’s future earnings capacity causing the company’s share price to plunge by over 55% in the middle of July 2013. Background of Share Price Crash McMillan Shakespeare’s Finance gr oup share price almost halved since the government flagged changes to current laws of fringe benefit tax (FBT) that has created uncertainty in the markets. The company’s trading was suspended for a week and when it resumed trading the share prices crashed by over 48% to $7.99 wiping away almost $549 m of shareholders’ wealth from the markets (Australian Associated Press, 2013). Due to this reason the company’s management requested for an extension to halt trading which is viewed by many analyst as a desperate move by the management to avoid such huge amount of losses and save shareholders’ wealth from volatile and uncertain markets. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission have however rejected the company’s plea of halting trading. (Source: ASX, 2013) The company has criticised the government’s recent decision to tightening FBT guidelines especially on salary package and car leasing for the share price crash and uncertainty in ma rkets. The panic among the investors was evident since the proposed changes to FBT guidelines tighten fringe benefit taxes on salary packaging and car leasing. The investors in the market expected the revenues of the company to be adversely affected from the government’s decision since the company’s primary source of revenues is generated from car leasing and salary packages. This negative outlook on the company’ future earning capacity from the tightening of FBT created panic in the broader markets that led to overselling of company’s stocks in Australian Stock Exchange. Thus, it can be said from the above discussion that a chain of events starting from the government’s decision to tighten FBT guidelines, the same decision to adversely affect profitability of the company, negative sentiments among the investors in the market regarding company’s future, and huge sell of the Finance Group’s MMS stocks after a week’s inactive tra ding, ultimately caused the company’s share prices to plummet by over 55% in the mid of July 2013. Reasons behind Dramatic Price Change The company under observation derives almost 50% of its revenues from two major segments namely Asset Management and Group Remuneration Services. But from the analysis of financial statements of the company it is apparent that over 70% of its total earnings are generated from the revenues of group remuneration, which is almost three

Project Management - Module 1.6 not 1.4 Coursework

Project Management - Module 1.6 not 1.4 - Coursework Example Subsequently designer is expected to insure that all sub-consultant work is coordinated. Pertinently conceptual design approves further details that may emerge. This document should clearly outline the prearranged civil, architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, fire protection design and plumbing. It is vital to include up-dated cost approximation of all key features and component of design. Upon the approval of the design by the owner, the design team immediately starts the execution of this final contraction design particulars (Norman, E. et al 2008).The authenticated design development package entails a completer concept therefore no further alteration to the plans, elevations, or building systems will be permissible except when it comply with construction or code supplies. 1) Guideline and objective establishment- the first project stage is to outline the scope which sets up the expectations, estimated cost, constituted high level plans, and finally established timelines for each activity to be executed. 2) The concepts which involve mapping, user training, and walkthrough phase where the new system is learned, business process is revised to ensure that they carry out flawlessly corner to corner in meeting the organization’s objective. 5) Customization (infrastructure phase); it is the stage where the data from the old system is transferred into a newly developed supplementary system. The appropriate information technology infrastructure is constructed. 6) Cover phase is the final phase in that the old system is closed down and new system kicks off fully with a constant improvement in the method of undertaking business. However, the methodology used does not contend to limit the choice of the software to be used for word processing, spreadsheets, etc. The pertinent issue is faithfulness to the methodology in organization for the team to produce

Civil Rights Essay Example for Free

Civil Rights Essay Although the 1960’s are usually considered the decade of greatest achievement for black civil rights, the 1940’s and 1950’s were periods of equally important gains. Asses the Validity of this statement. Equality was always a touchy subject following the civil war. Following the war, the north did not put emphasis on equality for all men. It took almost a century longer for complete equality to be achieved. Clearly these changes did not come around quickly, and it took a large group effort to bring about change. The ending results of the fight for Civil Rights that came in the 1960’s are of equal or even lesser importance to the events that enacted the change during the 1940’s and 1950’s. The 1960’s were a time of great results of the effort to establish civil rights for African Americans. In the earl sixties, movements such as the Freedom Riders were still in full effect, but the government was beginning to sway to the black side. President Kennedy brings the Civil Rights Bill to congress in 1963. It is put down by the southern democrats. As a result, Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement organize a massive political march in Washington. One of the high points of this march is Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech on the steps of the Lincoln memorial. The efforts come to fruition with the passing of the Civil Rights Bill of 1964, and Voting Rights Bill of 1965. But the Efforts made in the sixties are mere fractions of the total amount of drive from the previous decades. Civil Rights was an important issue that came up after, and during, WWII. Many Blacks wanted to serve their country in the army, but couldn’t due to military segregation. President Truman brought the Civil Rights issue to light when he established his Committee on Civil Rights. Shortly after the committee was established, the President passed a series of executive orders removing segregation in the military and in the government workforce. This was the first effort taken by the government concerning equal rights for the African Americans. These Efforts promptly continued at the turn of the decade. The Civil Rights movement really began to sink in leading up to it’s peak in  the late fifties. In 1950, a major court ruling changed the face of racial segregation involving schools. The Supreme Court case Brown v Board of Education was a shock to the US population that had Blacks all over seeing a light at the end of the tunnel. Segregation in schools was ruled a violation of the fourteenth amendment by the court. This ruling was put to the test in 1952 when nine black students attempted to enroll in a public high school. Crowds gathered in order to stop the students. Then, President Eisenhower sent in a group of troop to escort the students to school; showing that the federal government would support the court ruling. More and more Blacks decided to take a stand. In Montgomery, Alabama, Civil Rights activists staged a bus boycott. These events turned more and more people towards the cause. As time went on, activists grew more organized. The events of the 1950’s set up the success that came in the 1960’s The 1940’s and 1940’s were just as important as the 1960’s for the Civil Rights movement because, major events during this era created a sense of unity that allowed for organization in the sixties. It is important not to overlook the necessary preludes to the march on Washington. Although results are finally felt in the sixties, it could never have happened without the bravery of the previous twenty-so years.

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia

Working Memory Capacity in Generalized Social Phobia Nader Amir and Jessica Bomyea INTRODUCTION According to DSM-5TM (2013), Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) is a †Marked fear of one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.† Also they fear they will be judged negatively which might result being humiliated or face rejection to one (Comer, 2010). According to the report on working memory capacity the availability of cognitive resources depend on social cues and these cognitive abilities have a significant impact on people with social phobia. However, very few studies have been conducted so far regarding working memory and social phobia (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been found in many studies that people suffering from social anxiety disorder has maladaptive cognitive assumptions which presumably results of worsening the symptoms associated with this disorder. This cognitive process can be without conscious effort and the availability of the cognitive resources can prevent the illogical thought processes which might arise if the mental resources are low. These executive control processes is referred as processes that are related to cognitive functions (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). It has been also found that people with social anxiety disorder has problems with attention thus it can hurt the performance of cognitive tasks. This has been proven in verbal reasoning, spatial reasoning and many other studies which were done on the purpose of proving that anxiety has an impact on the central processes. This is due to the fact that the anxious person has to focus on many other tasks rather than the main purpose and waste its mental resources without b eing effectively used. For instance, as the client has social phobia will evaluate oneself negatively on something that was stored on autobiographic memory. This wasting of cognitive resources in perceiving oneself in negative situations like this can affect the performance of working memory of an anxious person compared to a non-anxious person thus doing poor on tasks that requires cognition. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). This research was done in order to assess the impact on working memory capacity performance with neutral and social threat stimuli, among clients who have been clinically labeled with generalized social phobia. This was the first study done to compare WMC with neutral and threat stimuli on anxious individuals and these individuals use bottom-up information processing which enables them to be caught up in threat related stimuli. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Therefore, they proposed the hypothesis as; Ho: individuals with generalized social phobia show a greater WMC performance when exposed to a threat related stimuli than a neutral stimuli. H1: individuals who are non-anxious shows a greater WMC performance when exposed to a neutral stimuli than a threat related stimuli Method Participants There were 36 individuals in experimental group and 35 in the control group. In the experimental group patients are chosen with regard to the criteria mentioned in Diagnostic Statistical Manual ( DSM-IV) which includes taking a Structured Clinical Interview(SCID) as well as getting a score above 60 on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Those who met the criterion were also in an ongoing treatment by the Center for Understanding and Treating Anxiety at San Diego state university. Among the 36 interviews which was videotaped, 20% percent was randomly rated by an independent clinician and got an interrater score of k=0.89 which increases the reliability of the selection procedure. As for the control group with non- anxious 35 individuals selected from the community had to undergo SCID screening aided by a clinic staff to check whether they met any past or present criteria’s of the disorder. Moreover they had to have a score that didn’t exceed beyond 29 on self-report version of LSIS. In this experiment all participants $20 for their collaboration. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Materials and Procedure This experiment was conducted empirically and the data was collected for a quantitative study although it was done by means of electronic media. This assessment was done by a computer based OSPAN (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). In which Operations Span paradigm (OSPAN) the members are supposed to recall words in a succession at the same time performing simple math problems. While keeping each participant in about a distance of 30cm from the computer screen, a fixation (+) at the center was shown for 500ms and then shows a blank screen for 500ms and finally shows a solved mathematics problem preceded by a word for 800ms.the math equation can be for example 2+3=4, which are researched to be used in WMC tasks. Once the decision is made the participant presses the right key on the mouse and then continues this same procedure for 2-6 times. Once this is done for2- 6 times the participants has to recall the order of the words which are shown on a screen and which were shown during the process. Words like â€Å"chair† which is neutral and â€Å"stupid† which is socially threatening were shows to study the effect of neutral and threat words on WMC span. Along with the words extra words are used as distractions on the screen during the 20 trials each participant finished. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Before the start of the experiment each participant was allowed to sign a consent form and do a LSAS( by the anxious) and LSAS-SR(by the non-anxious) tests with similar psychometric value. The participants were given a trial round before the real experiment and advised to remember the words and do as fast as possible while doing the math problems at the same time. The words used during the practice rounds were not included in the experimental sessions as part of accuracy. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Results Self-Report Measures At the end of the 20 sessions the group with generalized social phobia was reduced to 32 participants with the elimination of 3 participants due to lack of math accuracy below 85% and one participant having a math solving capacity three times higher than the mean standard deviation. Also the non-anxious group was reduced to 30 after elimination of 5 due to low math scores. However, the groups didn’t differ that much in age and education. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Math Reaction Times In this study participants were removed due to low math performance or too high performance which is consistent with other studies done earlier. The reaction times was calculated as a median value which shows that bot the generalized anxiety group and non-anxious group had close results when solving problems with social threat, t(60)=1.10,p=.28 or neutral words, t=(60)=1.60,p=.11. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Working Memory Span Scores WMC scores were calculated by the partial-credit load scoring where each participant gets one point for a word in its correct order in the list. The figure 1 below shows the comparison of means and standard error bars in both groups. The results obtained are consistent with the results from prior research. The results were also put into mixed design analysis of ANOVA with anxious, non-anxious, social threat and neutral as 2Ãâ€"2 designs. This test showed the interaction among the Group and Word type was significant. To add more value t tests was done which showed the worst WMC in GSP and NAC when neutral words are compared. Comparing non-anxious with two word types it doesn’t show much difference unlike the generalized social phobia group who recalled threat words by, t(31) = 2.30, p=.028. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Figure 1. Working memory capacity scores for generalized social phobia(GSP) and non-anxious control(NAC) groups. Discussion Results prove that non-anxious group did great when remembering neutral information. Also the generalized social phobia group was better at remembering threat related than neutral stimuli. This support the idea that anxious people are worse at recalling neutral information and thus support that their inability to maintain attention on one task leads to wasting of cognitive resources thus, doing bad at tasks. (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Limitations This study itself has its own limitations including the idea the participants in GSP were more depressed than anxious, this hinders the understanding of anxiety on the results. This may be why they GSP group did much better on recalling social threats. Furthermore, they are unable to compare people with different levels of anxiety with the type of stimulus. The study also was not able to represent an entire population of people suffering generalized social phobia as the sample size is not representative plus the elimination of members from each group reduced its population size. . (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Suggestion for future research In future they could compare patients suffering from various stages of generalized social phobia to explain the extent of anxious nature can impact on the working memory performance (Amir, Bomyea, 2011). Also they could select a sample that represents the population and has equal number of participants in both groups to improve accuracy. Moreover, in this study 72% of GSP and 50% NAC group represent female population which makes it unable to compare among the genders. So if the experiments can be conducted on genders we could understand how this anxious nature can have an impact on women and men that are equivalent in severity of the disorder to understand how powerful cognitive resources in both genders. This can also enable to assess the amount of damage that generalized social phobia can act on the cognitive resources in both genders WMC when a stimulus is a neutral one. This may in turn help to give proper attention to the people suffering from generalized social phobia and may recover easier with proper care for the individuals. Moreover, they could conduct experiment again with the DSM-5 criteria since it’s a recent version compared to DSM-IV text revised edition. References Amir, N., Bomyea, J. (2011). Working memory capacity in generalized social phobia.Journal Of Abnormal Psychology,120(2), 504-509. doi:10.1037/a0022849 APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition; DSM-5). Comer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal Psychology (7th Edition). New York: Worth Publishers.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Human Rights Act, Chapter 214 of the revised statutes, 1989, it states that â€Å"in recognition that human rights must be protected by the rule of law, this Legislature affirms the principal that every person is free and equal in dignity and rights without regard to race, religion, religious creed, colour, sex, physical or mental disability or ethnic or national origin.† Unfortunately though, sometimes this law is not always abided by. Women, aboriginal people who are physically or mentally challenged, and visible minorities have often been denied employment equity, or equal employment opportunities due to discriminatory practices. These groups should enjoy equal representative share of employment opportunities in all occupations and at all levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of discrimination that denies equal opportunity is the practice of allowing members of these four groups to advance within a company only to a certain level. The company may appear to be equitable by including members of these groups in management positions. However, the top executive positions are still out of reach for members of these groups not because these people are not qualified for the jobs, but because they are discriminated against. Legislation, including the federal Employment Equity Act, exists to ensure employment equity. Such legislation requires employers to report what proportion of their employees belong to these four groups. Employers must then prove that all groups are equally represented at all levels within their organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative action promotes equality in the workplace in such areas as hiring, training-apprenticeships, promotion, compensation, transfer, layoff, termination and goals. It also promotes equal employment opportunities for those groups or individuals who are disadvantaged due to race, religion, creed, colour, disability, national or ethnic origin, sex, age or marital status. Affirmative action programs are designed to improve the lot of people who have suffered as a result of past discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the year 2000, white males will likely account for only 15% of new workers - 85% of new workers will consist of women, aboriginal people, physically or mentally challenged people, and members of visible minorities. The number of women and minorities has increased in many occupations because of affirmative action programs. Some companies actually make a point of advertising that they are Equal Opportunity Employers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application forms and advertisements for employment should not make any inquiry that directly or indirectly expresses or invites any limitation, specification, preference or information as to age, race, colour, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, ethnic, national

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Bulimia Nervosa Essay -- Eating Disor

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Bulimia Nervosa INTRODUCTION Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating as well as by self-induced vomiting and/or laxative abuse (Mitchell, 1986). Episodes of overeating typically alternate with attempts to diet, although the eating habits of bulimics and their methods of weight control vary (Fairburn et al., 1986). The majority of bulimics have a body weight within the normal range for their height, build, and age, and yet possess intense and prominent concerns about their shape and weight (Fairburn et al., 1986). Individuals with bulimia nervosa are aware that they have an eating problem, and therefore are often eager to receive help. The most common approach to treating bulimia nervosa has been with cognitive-behavioral therapy. What is cognitive-behavioral Therapy? Cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia regards individuals' attitudes toward their shape and weight as central to maintaining the disorder. This approach seeks to change individuals' dysfunctional attitudes in order to facilitate recovery. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia is a combination of behavioral techniques and aspects of cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy (CT) is founded upon the underlying rationale that an individual's affect and behavior are largely determined by the way he/she structures the world (Beck, 1979). The individual's cognitions are based upon attitudes or assumptions that have been developed from previous experiences. Therapeutic techniques of CT treatment are designed to identify, reality-test, and correct distorted conceptualizations and dysfunctional beliefs which underlie the individual's cognitions (Beck, 1979). Therefore CT views an individual'... ...er characteristics predict outcome in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 13(4):349-357. Thackwray, D., Smith, M., Bodfish, J. & Meyers, A. (1993). A comparison of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for bulimia nervosa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 61(4):639-645. Treasure, J., Schmidt, U., Troop, N., Tiller, J., Todd, G., Keilen, M., & Dodge, E. (1994). First step in managing bulimia nervosa: controlled trial of therapeutic manual. BMJ. 308:686-689. Waller, D., Fairburn, C., McPherson, A., Kay, R., Lee, A., & Nowell, T. (1996). Treating bulimia in primary care: a pilot study. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 19(1):99-103. Wilson, G., & Fairburn, C. (1993). Cognitive treatments for eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 61(2):261-269.

Robert Frost :: essays research papers

It has been said many times that all men have a common bond, or a thread that joins them together. Robert Frost ¹s poem  ³The Tuft of Flowers ² explores the existence of such a bond, as experienced by the speaker. In the everyday circumstance of performing a common chore, the speaker discovers a sense of brotherhood with another laborer. Frost contrasts a sense of aloneness with a sense of understanding to convey his theme of unity between men. To understand the setting of the poem, one must first understand how grass was mowed in the time period in which the poem was written (1906). Grass was mostly mowed by hand using a scythe. The mowing was often done in the dew of the morning for better mowing. This left the grass wet, and it needed to be scattered for drying. The phrase turning the grass refered to the scattering of the grass for drying. In  ³The Tuft of Flowers, ² the speaker has gone out to turn the grass. Whoever did the mowing is already gone, for there are no signs of his presence. The speaker is alone. Then, a butterfly catches the speaker ¹s attention, and leads his gaze to a tuft of flowers, which the mower chose to leave intact. The patch of beauty left by his fellow worker causes the speaker to feel that he is no longer alone. There is a sense of understanding between the speaker and the mower, because an appreciation of beauty unites them. Frost uses peaceful images to relate the feeling of his poem. The setting is in a grassy field with a brook running through it. The tranquil feeling is added to by a silent butterfly, who searches for a flower upon which to land. In keeping with the peaceful surroundings, Frost speaks of a long scythe  ³whispering to the ground, ² and of hearing  ³wakening birds around. ² The speaker also listens for a whetstone  ³on the breeze ² to determine if there is anyone around, and finds a  ³leaping tongue of bloom ² beside the  ³reedy brook. ²  ³The Tuft of Flowers ² does not contain a definite meter, but it does have a strict rhyme scheme of AA, BB. The poem is organized in couplets, each of which contains a single thought. This makes the poem more charming and gives it simplicity, which adds to the overall feeling of peace and tranquility. Robert Frost provides many interesting ideas in  ³The Tuft of Flowers.

Revolutionary road Essay

Revolutionary Road was a profound movie. This film portrays the malaise that had lied behind the American Dream during the mid-1950s. During that era, the image of the nuclear family living in suburbia where the man is the bread-winner and the woman as the domesticated housewife was considered as the dominant idea constructed by a patriarchal society. This film tracks the unraveling of April and Frank Wheeler, a couple who had unwantedly settled with two children living in suburbia unable to get themselves out of the empty and meaningless life they have. April had thought she and Frank were different than everyone else around them that had fallen victim to conformity. She thought they were deserving of a more exciting life and so convinces Frank to move to Paris rather than being stuck as a chance to escape from being a lonely unfulfilling housewife. But as soon as April realizes she is pregnant for the third time, plans to move Paris had to be abandoned which then really sends April over the edge. Both Frank and April are individuals in their own right, the suffering and inflicting suffering eventually leads to a tragic end to April’s life through a self-induced abortion. As well gender stereotypes, gender discrimination, androcentrism are well indicated within this film and era which will be further discussed. This film expresses the suffering of how many domesticated women had felt in the era of the 1950s. It reveals the sickness of a culture that tends to shut down a woman’s feelings in the self-serving illusion that a nice home with a yard, committed stay at home mom and a bread-winning husband were the answer for a happy and fulfilling life. Evidence of female discrimination were depicted when April is shown to take out the garbage and realizes all the trash is perfectly lined up along with one and another along the streets and during the scene where Frank is shown to be standing in the train having a breath of fresh air while having a cigarette (Orawan, 2010). These two scenes basically show the difference in the amount of freedom and choices that a man and woman had, where married women are shown to be confined to their home with their household and childrearing duties, meanwhile the man gets the freedom and choice of going about whatever they like outside their home (Orawan, 2010.). In another scene showcasing the gender discrimination that was placed on women was the topic on abortion. Besides being a high-risk mortality procedure, it was also illegal during the 50s as a way  to prevent women’s autonomy and restrict them to their traditional child-bearing role (Gordon, 1990). As such this was portrayed when April attempts to take abortion into her own hands as a desperate attempt to get her life back in hopes to take control of her life and so to be free to pursue to her dreams (Orawan, 2010). April had no rights over the choice to reproduce due to the standards set by society which had led to her taking the abortion into her own hands (Tas, 2010). It is evident that society at the time had preceded the belief about women’s duty to be subservient to their man and become a baby producing machines plus the ambivalence felt towards women that had led to discrimination of women (Matlin, 2012, p. 39) The movie clearly presents androcentrism in one particular scene for me, when Frank makes his way to work and all the people around him were men with very few that were women. This just shows the freedom and normalcy of men being able to work and be able to be out during the day. The very few women depicted to be working or on the city streets are only women that were unmarried. To me, this showed that women still had their individual identity until they became married where the women adopts the identity of her husband to become his supportive and obedient wife. Another issue is that even though unmarried women were able to obtain work, but because women were also considered as second class human due to androcentrism they were limited in options as well. Unmarried women were discriminated from higher employment positions with the choices of only low-levels jobs such as administrative or secretarial jobs (Tas, 2014). As it is suggested by Matlin (2012), there are negative attitudes to wards women’s competence especially from men of traditional views; as such women during the 50s were seen only capable of dull, mind-numbing jobs. Gender stereotypes were particularly evident when the Wheelers had told their friends, Miley and Shep Campbells, that they were moving to Paris and that April would take on the bread-winning role making Frank a dependent. In reaction to the news, Shep had thought their plan was immature imposing the stereotypical idea again that married women should not be working and that the man should be the one bringing home the money to support the family; this was the norm. This is clearly evidence of benevolent sexism as it shows  the assumption that women should not be held with so much work responsibility and should be taken care of by the man (Matlin, 2012, p. 58). When Shep asked Miley to confirm his opinion about the Wheeler’s being immature, she hesitantly agreed and begins to cries. This scene was of huge significance as this reveals the suffering that Miley feels as a housewife and by her husband’s comment she realizes that her life is hopeless in that she will remain i n her current position for the rest of her life. I can see that Miley is just a bit jealous of the Wheelers for making the move to Paris, she desperately wants out but is afraid to tell Shep what she feels inside. The consequences of internalizing gender stereotypes are represented in the same scene where Miley does not reveal her real thoughts and so allows her husband to further oppress her. Miley is influenced by the gender stereotypes that is presented in society and assumes the role of a subservient housewife. Miley did not say anything to act or rebel against her husband as she is afraid to appear to be a disobedient wife and accepts her husband’s comments about the Wheelers, revealing the fact that she has given up on her own principle. Additionally, Miley cries to let out her emotional frustration in that she then realizes the hopeless and empty life that she holds and inability to express her feeling shows her acceptance of her role in life; this in some way I feel is abusive to oneself psychologically and physically. Revolutionary Road is definitely a blast from the past taking on a Feminist approach to revealing all the negative effects of women living in suburbia during the 1950s. Due to androcentrism being the main idea of society, many negative attitudes and beliefs about women were expressed in this revealing the gender stereotypes and discriminations that were experienced. The character April Wheeler had revealed the sufferings of living a life with no choices bounded by her house, husband and children. With the women’s movement of the 1970s much of the negative attitudes and discrimination towards women have decreased in North America (Silverstein, 2008). However, I believe the idea of the nuclear family, the American Dream is still seen as for many, such as my family, is still the ideal way of life. References Gordan, L. (1990). Woman’s Body. Woman’s Right. Retrieved from http://www.feminist.com/resources/ourbodies/abortion.html Matlin, M. W. (2012). The Psychology of Women. (7th Edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cencage Learning. Orawan, C. (2010, March 9). Revolutionary Road: Feminist Liberation in Post-War Suburban Prison. Retrieved from http://blog.nationmultimedia.com/print.php?id=8050 Silverstein, M. (2008, December 26). Feminism & Revolutionary Road. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/melissa-silverstein/feminism-revolutionary- ro_b_153604.html Tas. (2010, April 14). Was ‘Revolutionary Road’ about Feminism? Retrieved from http://metrac.wordpress.com/2010/04/14/was-revolutionary-road-about-feminism/

Mormon religion strengths and weakness Essay

The Mormon religion was initially recognized as Church of Jesus Christ and is a restoration of the earlier church that had been found by Jesus. According to the â€Å"facts† article, there are around 14 million Mormon followers and do meet in roughly 30, 000 congregations globally. It was established by Joseph Smith in the year 1830 in USA. It teaches that Christianity is apostate and actually God had raised Joseph Smith to be a prophet in order to restore Christianity. They believe that the use of the bible is not enough to reveal what we ought to know and believe that all the revelations that were discovered by Smith were scriptures. They base their system of religion on doctrines as well as covenant books. Mormonism does teach that there was a time that God was actually a man hence, man may one day become God. It is therefore imperative to have a limelight on the strengths and weakness of the Mormon religion. According to the â€Å"Mormon religion† article, one of the weaknesses in this religion is that most of Joseph’s prophesies never come to pass. Thus most people argue that he was not really a prophet of God. In 1891, Joseph alleged that before he attains 85 years, Jesus Christ would come back. He however did not reach the age of 85 since he got murdered in the year 1844. Jesus Christ did not return. He had false prophesies. For example, he prophesied in the year 1832, that the USA civil war, that the British would be involved and it would extend globally. He also prophesied on government’s demise at Missouri because he was displeased with the government but it never came to be. Smith just revealed on what a false prophet he really was. One of its strengths is that it appears good to people who have no idea of the scriptures. They have a well organized as well as large amounts of money for backing it. They hardly teach their weird beliefs until later when one gets baptized. The religion is weak as far as scripture base is concerned. The prospective Mormons are usually persuaded to worship God and ask if Mormon’s book is really true. They are encouraged by being told that the reply will come via burning sensation coming from their bosom. However, most of them do not even bother to have a look at this book. Mormons do not follow the scriptures of their book thus rendering the religion weak. Mormon religion promotes discrimination. It teaches that the beings which fought valiantly for God had come to the earth as the whites and those who did not fight were blacks. Therefore, for many years the blacks could not be appointed as priests in the Mormon religion and worship system (Michael, 2006). Joseph Smith believed that the Negroes were inferior in the society and also believed that if the black people would be treated in the same way as others they would prove to be more productive, intelligent and prosperous. This has led to so much controversy rendering the religion to be racist. The church also advocate for polygamy. Though they may have some strange doctrines they have some strengths too as far as the religion is concerned. Members of the Mormon religion are better than other religions as far as sustaining of the marriage culture is concerned (Maggie, 2007). They usually do this through participating successfully and fully in the modern life. Approximately 77% of teenagers aged between 13 and 17 condemn fornication and support sex only for the married people (Maggie, 2007). They believe that sex before marriage is wrong and its pleasurable if saved only for marriage. The Mormon members are unlikely to have children out of wedlock (Maggie, 2007). Also their other strength is that they believe in an evidentiary faith. They believe that people can go to God and receive some answers that they need and this essentially is the ground base of religion. The weakness in this base is that, if the followers do not succeed after praying, they end up leaving the church since most of them do it for evidence purposes. According to the â€Å"advantages of Mormonism’ article, the strength of Mormonism is that it is usually open as far as history and science is concerned as compared to the conservative evangelicalism. However, most of the vital elements of this religion are not proven scientifically and their book is hard to explain. Also the Mormon religion is so much centered scientifically thus does not solve most of the theological problems. When it comes to practical religions, Mormons are better than most. They have welfare system that takes care of their fellow colleagues and do practice fellowship. Their welfare system does focus mostly on social issues, health matters and issues to do with infrastructure. The Mormon Church has a weakness since it does not make it very easy for its members to finally leave the church (Richard, 2009). It usually knows better than the members know and usually protects one against them. This is a weakness since everybody has the freedom to worship. In the US and other democratic unions one is guaranteed the freedom of religion and association. Whether or not the Mormon is a religion that can be relied on or not, that is not the main issue. The main issue is that it has both flaws as well as strengths and it is up to the people to decide whether to be involved in it or not. Works Cited Advantages of Mormonism. Mormon metaphysics and theology. (2007). Retrieved 20, May, 2010

Computer Thesis

BOUND MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Font: Bookman Old Style, Size 12 Margin: L – 1. 5†, R – 1†, T – 1†, B – 1† Spacing: Single Space (Title Page, Approval Sheet, Executive Summary, Abstract, Appendices) Double space (Body, Table of Contents, Acknowledgement) Page Number: Top-Right of the Page (No page number on the first page of each chapter and on appendices) Table Number and Name: Before the table (left alignment) Figure Number and Name: After the figure (center alignment) TITLE PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii APPROVAL SHEET ii APPROVAL SHEET ii Title (Bold, ALL CAPS) A Project Study presented to the Faculty f the College of Computer Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proponents: First Name MI Last Name (arrange alphabetically – Last Name) October 2012 Title (Bold, ALL CAPS) A Project Study presented to the Faculty of the College of Computer S cience In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proponents: First Name MI Last Name (arrange alphabetically – Last Name) October 2012 LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF TABLES v TABLE OF CONTENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS iv 2 Introduction Objectives General SpecificScope and Delimitations Review of Related Literature (Implemented previous studies— international, national, local,) Technical Background Existing System Hardware Specifications| Software Specifications| | | Proposed System Recommended Hardware Specifications| Software Requirements| Description 2 Introduction Objectives General Specific Scope and Delimitations Review of Related Literature (Implemented previous studies— international, national, local,) Technical Background Existing System Hardware Specifications| Software Specifications| | | Proposed System Recommended Hardware Specifications| Software Requirements| DescriptionChapter I INTRODUCTION Proj ect Context Present scenario/settings/procedure with the existing system Problems encountered with the existing system Purpose and Description Features of the Proposed System that will solve the problems encountered Benefits that can be derived from the Proposed System Chapter I INTRODUCTION Project Context Present scenario/settings/procedure with the existing system Problems encountered with the existing system Purpose and Description Features of the Proposed System that will solve the problems encountered Benefits that can be derived from the Proposed System Chapter II METHODOLOGYWindows 7 Check Your Understandingcom/windows-7-check-your-understanding/embed/#?secret=Mu8qhiqAyO" data-secret="Mu8qhiqAyO" width="500" height="282" title="â€Å"Windows 7 Check Your Understanding† — Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no">A. Requirements Specification Operational Feasibility Fishbone Diagram (Add Description Below) Schedul e Feasibility Gantt Chart Cost-Benefit Analysis Data and Process Modeling (Diagrams for the Proposed System) * ERD * Context Diagram * DFD * System Flowchart B. Design * Screenshots (forms), Sample Reports Chapter II METHODOLOGY A. Requirements Specification Operational Feasibility Fishbone Diagram (Add Description Below) Schedule Feasibility Gantt Chart Cost-Benefit Analysis Data and Process Modeling (Diagrams for the Proposed System) * ERD * Context Diagram * DFD * System Flowchart B. Design Screenshots (forms), Sample Reports 8 Methodology C. Development Hardware Specifications Software Specifications Programming Environment * Front End * Back End D. Testing Plan (Testing plan during the development) E. Maintenance Plan * Gantt Chart (Description after the figure) 8 Methodology C. Development Hardware Specifications Software Specifications Programming Environment * Front End * Back End D. Testing Plan (Testing plan during the development) E. Maintenance Plan * Gantt Chart (Descri ption after the figure) BIBLIOGRAPHY Trajano, Emily, â€Å"Visual Basic: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming†, 2008APPENDICES A. Source Code B. User’s Guide C. Grammarian Certification D. Other Relevant Documents CURRICULUM VITAE (Personal Information, Picture, Educational Background, Seminars/Trainings Attended) BIBLIOGRAPHY Trajano, Emily, â€Å"Visual Basic: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming†, 2008 APPENDICES E. Source Code F. User’s Guide G. Grammarian Certification H. Other Relevant Documents CURRICULUM VITAE (Personal Information, Picture, Educational Background, Seminars/Trainings Attended) Chapter IV IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Description Implementation Contingency Schedule of Testing (Gantt Chart) testing plan during deployment) Project Implementation Checklist Activities| Finish| Not Finish| On-going| 1. Installed IS| v| | | Chapter IV IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Description Implementation Contingency Schedule of Testing (Gantt Chart) ( testing plan during deployment) Project Implementation Checklist Activities| Finish| Not Finish| On-going| 1. Installed IS| v| | | Chapter III RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter III RECOMMENDATIONS Samples†¦ Table 1. Distribution of Middle Level Managers in terms of Age, IFSU 2011 Age| Frequency (F)| Percentage (%)| MEAN| SD| 26 – 30| 1| 4. 5| 47. 55| 9. 16| 31 – 35| 0| 0| | | 36 – 40| 5| 22. | | | 41 – 45| 3| 13. 6| | | 46 – 50| 6| 27. 3| | | 51 – 55| 1| 4. 5| | | 56 – 60| 4| 18. 2| | | 61 – 65| 2| 9. 1| | | TOTAL| 22| 100. 0| | | Figure 4. Gantt Chart of Schedule of Activities Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Project Context Every organization is concerned with the modernization of their firm to become competitive. Our environment and its usefulness, in business transactions operation, education and others, already know computerization. It supported the success of each individual to gain benefits as the time period, less energy to exert and less number of person involve in processing such job.For this reason many-concerned citizen continue to contrive and investigate various type of applications that they aim to gain advantage of the adoption of modern technology gives big improvement in a company. It will show in a certain firm that there is development. The researchers observed that their recording and other operation are slow when done manually. Purpose and Description The success of an organization depends on its ability to acquire accurate and timely data or information about its operations, manage data effectively and use it to analyze the organizations activities and operations. sample format of citations) According to Earls M. Awad, â€Å"System is an organized group of components or elements linked together according to a plan to achieve an objective†. Information is needed in virtually every field of human thought and action. It generally supports that computerization of information system is considere d a great advantage in an organization. The job performance of management graduates employee and non-management graduates as computerized and is a student profile system operator.Both of them are with computer operations background. She compared the ratings given by the administrators in the performance of the both. One of the clients’ findings of the study was that there is a significant difference between the job performance of the management graduates employee and non-government graduates as assessed by the administrators and the big difference is in favor of management graduates employee for the reason that records is more fast and easy. (http:www. Sourceface. commanagement_1 ote35. html) Computer Thesis BOUND MANUSCRIPT FORMAT Font: Bookman Old Style, Size 12 Margin: L – 1. 5†, R – 1†, T – 1†, B – 1† Spacing: Single Space (Title Page, Approval Sheet, Executive Summary, Abstract, Appendices) Double space (Body, Table of Contents, Acknowledgement) Page Number: Top-Right of the Page (No page number on the first page of each chapter and on appendices) Table Number and Name: Before the table (left alignment) Figure Number and Name: After the figure (center alignment) TITLE PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii APPROVAL SHEET ii APPROVAL SHEET ii Title (Bold, ALL CAPS) A Project Study presented to the Faculty f the College of Computer Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proponents: First Name MI Last Name (arrange alphabetically – Last Name) October 2012 Title (Bold, ALL CAPS) A Project Study presented to the Faculty of the College of Computer S cience In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proponents: First Name MI Last Name (arrange alphabetically – Last Name) October 2012 LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF TABLES v TABLE OF CONTENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS iv 2 Introduction Objectives General SpecificScope and Delimitations Review of Related Literature (Implemented previous studies— international, national, local,) Technical Background Existing System Hardware Specifications| Software Specifications| | | Proposed System Recommended Hardware Specifications| Software Requirements| Description 2 Introduction Objectives General Specific Scope and Delimitations Review of Related Literature (Implemented previous studies— international, national, local,) Technical Background Existing System Hardware Specifications| Software Specifications| | | Proposed System Recommended Hardware Specifications| Software Requirements| DescriptionChapter I INTRODUCTION Proj ect Context Present scenario/settings/procedure with the existing system Problems encountered with the existing system Purpose and Description Features of the Proposed System that will solve the problems encountered Benefits that can be derived from the Proposed System Chapter I INTRODUCTION Project Context Present scenario/settings/procedure with the existing system Problems encountered with the existing system Purpose and Description Features of the Proposed System that will solve the problems encountered Benefits that can be derived from the Proposed System Chapter II METHODOLOGYWindows 7 Check Your Understandingcom/windows-7-check-your-understanding/embed/#?secret=Mu8qhiqAyO" data-secret="Mu8qhiqAyO" width="500" height="282" title="â€Å"Windows 7 Check Your Understanding† — Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no">A. Requirements Specification Operational Feasibility Fishbone Diagram (Add Description Below) Schedul e Feasibility Gantt Chart Cost-Benefit Analysis Data and Process Modeling (Diagrams for the Proposed System) * ERD * Context Diagram * DFD * System Flowchart B. Design * Screenshots (forms), Sample Reports Chapter II METHODOLOGY A. Requirements Specification Operational Feasibility Fishbone Diagram (Add Description Below) Schedule Feasibility Gantt Chart Cost-Benefit Analysis Data and Process Modeling (Diagrams for the Proposed System) * ERD * Context Diagram * DFD * System Flowchart B. Design Screenshots (forms), Sample Reports 8 Methodology C. Development Hardware Specifications Software Specifications Programming Environment * Front End * Back End D. Testing Plan (Testing plan during the development) E. Maintenance Plan * Gantt Chart (Description after the figure) 8 Methodology C. Development Hardware Specifications Software Specifications Programming Environment * Front End * Back End D. Testing Plan (Testing plan during the development) E. Maintenance Plan * Gantt Chart (Descri ption after the figure) BIBLIOGRAPHY Trajano, Emily, â€Å"Visual Basic: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming†, 2008APPENDICES A. Source Code B. User’s Guide C. Grammarian Certification D. Other Relevant Documents CURRICULUM VITAE (Personal Information, Picture, Educational Background, Seminars/Trainings Attended) BIBLIOGRAPHY Trajano, Emily, â€Å"Visual Basic: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming†, 2008 APPENDICES E. Source Code F. User’s Guide G. Grammarian Certification H. Other Relevant Documents CURRICULUM VITAE (Personal Information, Picture, Educational Background, Seminars/Trainings Attended) Chapter IV IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Description Implementation Contingency Schedule of Testing (Gantt Chart) testing plan during deployment) Project Implementation Checklist Activities| Finish| Not Finish| On-going| 1. Installed IS| v| | | Chapter IV IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Description Implementation Contingency Schedule of Testing (Gantt Chart) ( testing plan during deployment) Project Implementation Checklist Activities| Finish| Not Finish| On-going| 1. Installed IS| v| | | Chapter III RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter III RECOMMENDATIONS Samples†¦ Table 1. Distribution of Middle Level Managers in terms of Age, IFSU 2011 Age| Frequency (F)| Percentage (%)| MEAN| SD| 26 – 30| 1| 4. 5| 47. 55| 9. 16| 31 – 35| 0| 0| | | 36 – 40| 5| 22. | | | 41 – 45| 3| 13. 6| | | 46 – 50| 6| 27. 3| | | 51 – 55| 1| 4. 5| | | 56 – 60| 4| 18. 2| | | 61 – 65| 2| 9. 1| | | TOTAL| 22| 100. 0| | | Figure 4. Gantt Chart of Schedule of Activities Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Project Context Every organization is concerned with the modernization of their firm to become competitive. Our environment and its usefulness, in business transactions operation, education and others, already know computerization. It supported the success of each individual to gain benefits as the time period, less energy to exert and less number of person involve in processing such job.For this reason many-concerned citizen continue to contrive and investigate various type of applications that they aim to gain advantage of the adoption of modern technology gives big improvement in a company. It will show in a certain firm that there is development. The researchers observed that their recording and other operation are slow when done manually. Purpose and Description The success of an organization depends on its ability to acquire accurate and timely data or information about its operations, manage data effectively and use it to analyze the organizations activities and operations. sample format of citations) According to Earls M. Awad, â€Å"System is an organized group of components or elements linked together according to a plan to achieve an objective†. Information is needed in virtually every field of human thought and action. It generally supports that computerization of information system is considere d a great advantage in an organization. The job performance of management graduates employee and non-management graduates as computerized and is a student profile system operator.Both of them are with computer operations background. She compared the ratings given by the administrators in the performance of the both. One of the clients’ findings of the study was that there is a significant difference between the job performance of the management graduates employee and non-government graduates as assessed by the administrators and the big difference is in favor of management graduates employee for the reason that records is more fast and easy. (http:www. Sourceface. commanagement_1 ote35. html)

Elmo makes Music Essay

Sesame Street live concerts are known for providing kinetic shows which feature interactivity for children. The â€Å"Sesame Street Live: Elmo Makes Music† concert, was held at the Memorial Auditorium on January 16, 2009. The show consisted of two acts, comprised of multiple skits each. This format allowed for a rapidly changing mix of sets and costumes, which help to foster a sense of excitement and expectancy for the audience. The combination of visual and musical expression — each with many quick-paced variations — explored the universality which is implied in music, expressed at a level which even small children could understand. One of the key elements of the Sesame Street live shows is the presentation of music as a spectrum of feelings and colors. To this end, the musical numbers provided a great range of styles and moods, from dance-numbers to more pensive, introspective melodies. The participatory aspect of the show is also a key to its resonance and high entertainment value. By offering music which features bold, often simple melodies and stark, expressionistic musical tones, the children in the audience are able to rely on their natural instinct to clap, shout, and sing-along. In this way, ‘Sesame Street live: Elmo Makes Music’ has a special musical message for the children, which is that music is a part of each and every one of them. no matter their particular place or station in life. By encouraging children to sing along, or to participate in the show by using their hands and stamping feet to keep the rhythm of the music, the show promotes a sense of integration and communal experience which is ure to last far beyond the confines of the concert hall. Additionally, because the premise of the show was based upon continual surprise, the children in the audience are left with a sense of open-possibilities and wonder. For example, the plot of the show centers around the idea that the actual band that was supposed to perform could not do so, because the truck with all of the music teacher’s instruments did not arrive on time. Accordingly, the whole show focuses around surprising Jenny, the music teacher who was upset because of her missing music instruments. The sesame street cast members decided to form their own band by creating percussion instruments and such, out of articles that they found, and could produce sound with. This is an obvious â€Å"allegory† for the individual talents and capacities that each person holds within them; taken together, as a community, these capacities and talents make â€Å"music† which can also be seen as social harmony and cultural understanding. Specific songs included the rhyming poetically based ‘Sunny Days’ Sesame Street theme, as well as ‘What Makes Music’, and the popular ‘Who Are the People in your Neighborhood’. There was also a saucy little number called the Cookie Crumba Rumba which lent a sultry, rumba beat to the program. Since the Rumba is a romantic dance that uses a lot of hip action and body movement, I leave it to your imagination to picture the comical aspects of this particular musical performance. Historically the rumba requires the performer to show plenty of emotion, and the fake heads were stuck in permanent grins, which made it even funnier. The Alphabet Dance, Fuzzy and Blue and Elmo’s World concluded Act I. In Act II the band led off with Together we will Make Music, and this was followed by a hilarious Bert and Ernie’s version of the famous Bee Gees Disco movie Boogie nights. Bert was dressed up in the memorable John Travolta white polyester suit. Other numbers such as Triangle Cheer and a very lively Rockin’ Robin were especially fun. Percussion instruments definitely predominated, with an occasional wind instrument, as in the Honk Bang Whistle and Crash, skit. Thank You for the Music was somewhat reminiscent of the Carol Burnett theme, ‘So Glad we had this Time Together’. The last scene the new music teacher Jenny joins in, with the official Sesame Street Band. The concert was a treat for the children, and the most difficult part of all for parents seemed to be explaining to their children why they could not join their friends on stage. Elmo Makes Music invited audience participation, and the children were thrilled to use their voices to sing, and their feet and hands to produce sounds as their own personal percussion instruments, to keep time with the beat and tempo. Because the overall theme of the show is that of communal inclusion, the mechanics and techniques used in creating the aesthetic approach of the show gives the show a sense of wholeness and authenticity.

Marketing Strategy of The Eastman Kodak Company Coursework

Marketing Strategy of The Eastman Kodak Company - Coursework Example In the early and mid-nineties, Kodak grew as a company and started developing new and improved models of their cameras. They developed the ‘Kodacolor range’ which included motion picture films, camera and projectors. These were sold at affordable prices. They also provided cameras to the U.S. Government for aerial photography during the First World War They didn’t stop there. They then introduced the ‘Instamatic camera’ which revolutionized the way people used cameras. It became a household item for amateur photographers because of its versatility and affordability. Today, however, the iconic brand is on its knees. This is because of the digital age. Kodak was slow in adapting to new-age digital technology, unlike the predecessors who were drivers of technology in the industry with their wide array of innovative patents. Where did Kodak go wrong? Well, there’s a couple of contributing factors. First off, Kodak used a high-velocity revenue model which entailed making profits off complimentary products to their cameras, i.e. the reel used by the camera. Their strategy was typically to sell cameras at a low cost, and let the film reel fuel its growth and profits. This meant the business was heavily dependant on this particular rigid model. Kodak was to pay the price for this rigidity soon enough. This came in the form of competition from overseas. The Japanese firm Fuji Film came into America and caught Kodak napping. They introduced reel that was one-fifth cheaper than Kodak’s offering. The result was devastating for Kodak, and even then their lack of market agility was evident by their slow reaction to the market. Further proof of the business’ inability to adapt to changing technology in the industry came in the early eighties when Sony Corporation ushered in the digital age with the release of the ‘Mavica’, a filmless digital camera that displayed photos directly on the user’s television sets. Pictures could also be printed if desired.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Annotated Bibliography Example The tendency of the media to rely on the statement of public figures is evident in the structure leading to serious challenges to SDS. It shows the difference between students and authority. In his statement, Gitlin creates the idea that authority is best in thought while students are best on actions. The chapter addresses issues of media involvement and the need for image restoration. The image of SDS was critically affected by the media presentation of their activities. The author addresses the cross field issues of media and organization in especially with issues of rights violations. The involvement of the New York Times and CBS News helped to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate forms of protest which was used to discredit SDS protests. The media portrayed the SDS in a negative frame leading to the creation of the negative perception. The framing of SDS as a harmful and divisive organization facilitated the creation of a negative image, which the organization struggle d to shed off. In conclusion, the chapter addresses several issues affecting SDS and the interplay between the role of media and the influence of media in the society. Gitlin, T. (1980). SDS in the Spotlight, Fall1965. In T. Gitlin, The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left (pp. 78-123). Berkeley: University of California

The Crucible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Crucible - Essay Example Mostly, the little lies are used to spice up the story or achieve a certain effect among the audience. There are various reasons for which people do lie. In many cases the lies are propagated to save certain situations or protect certain interests the individual lying may have. In some instances, people have lied even under oath. This paper seeks to delve into the reasons as to why people lie, even under an oath In the 1953 play by Arthur Miller, The Crucible, he depicts the Salem Witch Trials. The trials are carried out in such a way that the villagers’ testimonies determine the fate of the accused. Several innocent people meet their deaths courtesy of the testimonies. On the other hand, some guilty characters escape death as the villagers’ testimonies save them. Clearly, an accused person’s life balances on what the mob has to say of him or her. For those who get saved yet are guilty, lies do it for them. The villagers simply have to lie on the truth about them for their lives to be saved. Some innocent characters are however not as lucky. The villagers’ false affirmation to their participation in witchcraft leads them to their death. The villagers actually lie big time depending on whom they want to save or crucify. The accused also resort to lying in order to save themselves. Extreme behaviors occur during this time when life or death is made by the differenc e between treachery and truthfulness. Apparently, fear appears to be the reason behind the lying. The characters Abigail William, Mary Warren and John Proctor are the most deceiving. Abigail goes to great lengths to deceive Salem’s townspeople for her selfish gains. Questioned about dancing in company of the other girls in the woods, she puts the blame on Tituba. She quips, â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it!† (187). Apparently, she is willing to sacrifice Tituba’s life so that she can escape punishment. On the other hand, while Tituba

The Role of efforts in college Course Grades Essay

The Role of efforts in college Course Grades - Essay Example Therefore, college grades should be based solely on the efforts of students. One mechanism all lecturers should be executing is triangulating evaluation and assessment. This denotes that learners are assessed grounded on Observation, Conversation, and Product. As considerably as possible, teachers should get a balanced assessment of students. In a standard world, where teachers have time to expend teaching and conversing with learners, grades must be established via how appropriately the learner can intelligently debate the ideas and retort to others’ interpretations. Furthermore, the grades must be based on how justifiably the learner can create and compose a coherent case linked to the facts; usually verified by essay, plus how acquainted the learner is with the basic authentic information necessitated by the topic, usually tried by exam (Frisbie, 23). A discrepancy should be crafted between modules that a teacher evaluates and elements that are utilized to establish course grades. Factors and variables that contribute to establishing course grades must reflect every students proficiency within the course subject. The elements of a grade must be educationally oriented; they ought not to be means of punishment or honors for pleasant traits or "good" outlooks. A learner who attains an "A" within a course must have a strong understanding of the knowledge and skills taught within that course. If a student were merely marginal educationally but very congenial and industrious, an "A" score would be misinforming and would be a knock-back to the incentive of the brilliant students within the program. Lecturers can provide feedback to learners on many traits, but only educational performance, efforts and accomplishments components must be used in determination of course grades (Frisbie, 24). However, it would be sensible for learners to be capable to attain this requirement by participating in classroom debates or

Talent Management Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Talent Management Strategy - Term Paper Example Conversely, it is through courtesy of proper talent management strategies that organizations have sprang from small corporate fledglings, to reputable multinationals. The blueprints of proper talent management may be seen in the ensuing discourse. Introduction The organization in point is a profit-making business entity which deals in food and beverages. The organization is still in the process of growth and development as it comprises 200 employees, of which 20 are identified as leaders and may be called Swift Foods Ltd. In itself, talent management denotes the anticipation of essential human capital that an organization may need at a given time, then setting a plan and then carrying out that that plan to meet organizational needs. So sacrosanct is talent management in aiming at specific performance target that it has become the science of employing strategic human resources [HR] to strengthen organizational value and to help the organization reach its value. Determining the Key Com ponents of Talent Management, Including Identifying, Assessing, and Developing Talent There are several components of talent management. The first component involves identification. ... Apart from academic credentials, Swift Foods Ltd may use overall individual performance of the potential recruit in the interview, experience and letters of recommendation, among others. Academic credentials for instance will help Swift Foods Ltd ascertain formal skills and expertise an individual candidate possesses, in light of the office to be filled, while experience will help the organization determine the degree of the candidate's ability to perform. Testimonials for instance will help ascertain the behavioral predisposition that a given candidate possesses, in relation to the role that he is to discharge. All these factors will be important in identifying talent since talent is an element compounded by other desirable attributes such as personal traits, skills and abilities. The second component of talent management is the assessment of talent. This involves, setting performance target for an employee and then analyzing his actual performance against the already-set target. It is from this juncture that measures may be taken to uphold and enhance the talent that is extant and to inculcate upon the employee, new talents that are desired in the organization. To develop talent, there are several strategies and approaches that may successfully apply. Swift Foods Ltd can use the compensation management system, where it maintains competitive remunerations while managing payroll costs, total compensation, compensation for planning and awarding and pay-for-performance arrangements. Going by the recommendations that Fayol (2010) makes, the organization can also use global human resources that help maintain and manage core elements of the global workforce- county-specific attributes also included. Swift Foods Ltd may

The third generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The third generation - Essay Example 3G wireless technology is the new version and is the junction of different 2G wireless telecommunications systems into a sole uniform global system which includes up gradation of terrestrial and satellite components in its functioning.3G or the third-generation wireless was used to refer to this age developments in personal & business wireless technology, particularly the mobile communications. 3G or The Third Generation ushers in many benefits with its mobility, broad bandwidth and high speed communication (upwards of 2Mbps).Network operators & telecommunications service providers are busy in implementing this global third generation (3G) wireless standards in order to fulfill the demand of the customers of that mobile company.3G wireless technology represents a shift from voice-centric services to multimedia-oriented like video, voice, data, fax services.Figure shows an integrated design of a 3G cellular and wireless LAN system (Chuah & Zhang). In a wireless network system, we gene rally have a mobile terminal communicating with a base station in a radio access portion. The radio interface usually terminates within the base station in a wireless LAN system and usually terminates in radio network controller in a cellular system. In CDMA/WCDMA technology, the radio network controller combines the radio frames to facilitate the path diversity from different base station to the users. The circuit and packet data from the radio network controller will be segregated and routed to different portions of the core network. Later voices data are transferred to a mobile switching center and as other data get transferred via specialized routers it support the mobility of accessing the internet. The Different Types/Standard of 3G: The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is in charge for standardizing 3G. After trying to establish a single 3G standard, ITU at last permitted a family of five 3G standards, which are part of the 3G structure namely IMT-2000: Three standards based on CDMA, namely CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TDSCDMA. Two standards based on based on TDMA, namely, FDMA/TDMA and TDMA-SC (EDGE). The CDMA standards are the most important 3G standards. 1. WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access: It is a technology for wideband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia, video and other capacity-demanding applications. WCDMA is approved as a standard by the ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread. It converts the data into a narrowband digital radio signal first, and then it assigned a marker (spreading code) to distinguish it from the signal of other users. WCDMA uses variable rate techniques in digital processing and it can achieve multi-rate transmissions. 2. CDMA 2000 - Code Division Multiple Access 2000: CDMA was launched in 1995 commercially and it very quickly became one of the world's fastest-growing wireless technologies. While later in 1999, CDMA was selected as a standard for new "third-generation" (3G)

ZAPPOS the largest online shoe retailer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ZAPPOS the largest online shoe retailer - Essay Example It achieves a competitive advantage over its rivals through the loyalty business strategy and the liaison marketing that is embraces. The key source that contributes to the growth and development of Zappos.com is the recurring customers and the oral recommendations from consumers that receive quality services. Over its course of operation, this company has over 75% of recurring consumers. The customer service has a better reputation that is augmented by the online trust drivers that the company utilizes in increasing its loyalty, credibility, and trust among others towards the buyers. Internet marketing has tremendous influenced the welfare of this organization. I used to navigate through the website aimlessly and after I was assigned the task of searching its validity, I had to evaluate its website in order to ensure that, it is a reliable website and one could place an order with ease. In my evaluation, I consulted various scholars, researchers, peer-reviewed sources, and so forth in order to determine the forces behind Zappos.com being the largest online shoe retailer. Online trust was the key aspect that enhanced the wellbeing of Zappos.com (Cheskin/Sapient Report, 1999). It is essential to adopt an acceptable definition of trust before commencing on this topic. According to† (Rousseau, Sitkin, Burt and Camerer, 1998, p. 395), â€Å"Trust is an emotional state that comprises the aim to accept the liability established on the positive anticipations of behaviors of another†. Trust entails the enthusiasm to agree to the susceptibility, but with hope that a person can depend on the other party (Lewicki et. al. 1998; Moorman, Zaltman & Deshpande, 1992; Morgan and Hunt, 1994). In internet marketing, trust is perceived in lieu of relationship marketing (Doney and Cannon 1997; Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987; Ganesan 1994; Ganesan and Hess 1997; Morgan and Hunt 1994). In addition, in studying the Buyer –seller interactions, trust between the two perso ns takes time and depends on the observations that the buyer makes on the seller’s, consistency, constancy and credibility (Anderson and Narus, 1990; Doney and Cannon, 1997; Gane san, 1994). This view is unswerving with the behavioral reliance proposed by Schlosser, White, and Lloyd, 2003). Online trust, or rather the trust on the internet, greatly differs from offline trust in significant ways. As opposed to the offline trust, the key thing in online trust in the website, application of internet in transactions and the technology used. The website used by a firm can make a good foundation in building the customers trust, and thus enhancing the reputation of the seller (Jarvenpaa et al. 2000). The manner in which a customer would relate to an offline seller is similar to his/her dealing with a website and customers develop views of trust in a website depending on their relationship with the website. To the degree that a customer develops some positive impact about a website a nd accept liability, he/she must develop some trust with the website. The customers view pertaining to the competence of a website to carry out its purpose, and its perception in offering quality services behind the online business is contributive to his/her insight of trust in the website. In this context, online trust comprises customer perceptions of the way the site would deliver based on the expectations of the customer, and the authenticity of the information and self-assurance of the site. There are various perceptions driven by numerous precursors. Effects of Drivers of Online Trust Even though, online trusts have numerous potential antecedents and impacts, as detailed by Shankar et al. (2002), based on